Corporate Social Responsibility Marks Spencer

Corporate social responsibility, also known as CSR, is one of the most important topics in the corporate world. If a company is not public about its CSR mission or report, it could make consumers think that they do not care about them, their community or their environment. If a company does not demonstrate that have a positive view on CSR, then they could end up losing profitability because consumers will not want to support them, which could cause the company to close. These closings could be caused by multiple things, including competition from other companies that show they have strong understanding of corporate social responsibility. Marks Spencer, also known as MS, was established in 1884 as a local store in the UK. â€Å"As it grew, staying close to the community was important to its founders and by the 1930s the name Marks Spencer was synonymous with trust, quality, and significantly as an employer who looked after its employees, going beyond the minimum standards for w ages, benefits and care† (Richardson, 2015). For years, Marks Spencer were known for taking care of their employees, customers, and community but as times changed in the world, corporate America changed along with it. â€Å"There comes a time when other competitors copy and look for advantage, and this was the case for MS as other UK retailers assumed the leadership of the sector it once regarded as its own natural territory† (Richardson, 2015). It became increasingly important for MS to doShow MoreRelatedEvaluate the Relative Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility Relative to Other Corporate Objective947 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of corporate social responsibility relative to other corporate objective† (40 Marks) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a firm’s decision to accept responsibility for its social, environmental and ethical actions. A firm’s decisions whether to adopt and rank importance to CSR should be due to a variety of reasons, like the financial stability of the company aswell as the culture of the organisation. But one definitive factor would be a firm’s corporate objectives, corporate objectivesRead MoreMarks And Spencer Organisational Structure1298 Words   |  6 PagesOrganisational Structure and Management †¢ Marketing †¢ Human Resource Management †¢ Operations †¢ Sustainability and Social Responsibility †¢ Impact on the Retailer by current changes in the retail sector †¢ Conclusion Introduction This report will demonstrate, apply and evaluate knowledge and understanding of key managerial disciplines of the chosen high street retailer, Marks and Spencer, in different real-world global contexts. According to the report by Deloitte, the retail industry is undergoingRead MoreKey Term Stakeholdres Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons why stakeholders always have interest in business financial statement will be carried out. In the second part, it will give several definitions about corporate governance, and then gives some example of the conflicts between shareholders. Eventually, take Mark and Spencer as example, the essay will explain how corporate governance work in the real life in more details There are many groups of people who have an interest in financial or in the performance of a businessRead MoreSources of Internal and External Finance for Marks and Spencer760 Words   |  3 PagesMarks and Spencer Sources of Internal and External Finance for Marks and Spencer Mark and Spencer is one of the leading UK retail companies that deal in clothing, house hold items and most recently food. It has a range of outlets over the world for it products. Mark and Spencer source of finance is both internal and external which are discussed briefly in this paper. The paper further discusses the use of budget as a means to exercise financial control. Internal source of finance The CorporationRead More The Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility Essays1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility With the interest in Corporate Social Responsibility growing, increasing numbers of organisations are incorporating CSR into their business operations in an effort to be seen acting as good corporate citizens, so what is CSR what is its role in todays organizations? The term CSR refers to a company?s obligation to maximize its positive impact on society, accommodating changing social, market stakeholder pressures in an effort to achieveRead MoreMarketing Plan For Marks Spencer Clothing1546 Words   |  7 PagesTo: Chief Executive of Marks and Spencer From: Muhammad Azeem Khan , Student ID 2280119 Title: Marketing plan for Marks Spencer clothing Introduction: Marks Spencer was constituted in 1884, as vendor stall in the streets of Leeds. It is a public limited company, which listed on the London stock exchange. It is a major British Multinational retailer. It produces clothing, home products and food items. The market share of Marks Spencer is 10.4% in 2015 and over the years it has decreasedRead MoreAn Report On Ethical Consumerism1925 Words   |  8 Pagescustomers performance. First it provides four types of Ethical buying: positive buying, negative purchasing, and company based purchasing and fully screened approach. It then takes a look at the position of Marks and Spencer as a company on how they act ethically, and their social responsibility initiatives based on its core values. Overall this report will be based on the impact of organic, fair trade, environmental impact and stewardship council when buying things. â€Æ' Ethical Consumerism EthicalRead MoreGreen Supply Chain Management3556 Words   |  15 Pages................................................................................................. 3 2. Globalization and Greening the Supply Chain: ....................................................................................... 3 3. Marks and Spencer ................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1 Background ..............................................................................................Read MoreThe Impact Of Corporate Governance On The Uk1865 Words   |  8 Pagesto performance measurement. However, the Walker Review (2009) classifies that the role of the corporate governance as protection of shareholders’ interests by providing the company’s strategic conduct and overseeing capable managers to achieve it. Robert E. Wright (2014) argued that the corporate governance in the late 19th and early 20th century, were run like ‘republics’ with many checks and balances against fraud and seizing power of managers or large shareholders. Governance goes back as thereRead MoreMarks Spencer: Competitive Advanteges and Future Stragegies2469 Words   |  10 PagesStrategy Management MARKS SPENCER: COMPETITIVE ADVANTEGES AND FUTURE STRAGEGIES 1 TABLE OF CONTECTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 3. DISCUSSION, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 4. CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 2 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report will outline Marks and Spencer’s current capabilities by examining the group’s internal environment and competitive

The Effects Of Video Games On Children - 2025 Words

Today’s generation of video games are full of violence and gore. Violence is implemented as means to attract the general audience who find it entertaining. The impact and influence of video games is seen in the seventy-five percent of American adolescents who spend forty percent of their day directed towards playing games (Glazer 937). Games are capable of creating emotions varying from sorrow to absolute gratification. When you ask someone what they think of a game, they might answer â€Å"fun†. While the response sounds positive, it can actually be the complete opposite. People might find â€Å"fun† in being able to race against their buddies while other people find â€Å"fun† in cutting off an opponent’s head. Such instances are what worry parents about their children becoming violently aggressive. Now, it is not only the content of the video game itself that can cause aggression, but games in general can do this too. Video game companies always aim to fulfill the player s experience of need satisfaction (PENS) in order to make a successful outcome of sales. Games who meet the player experience of need satisfaction requirements such as competence, autonomy, and relatedness can really get consumers latched onto a game. Players then become addicted to a game and in turn become isolated. Disturbing the player while he or she is trying to reach the main objective will often result in not necessarily hostility but simple irritation. Such a scenario would be your mother asking you to â€Å"pauseShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. Do games affect our way of thinkingRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipad’s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand families integrateRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games hasRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words   |  8 Pagesaction, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highly advanced technology and computer programs, it has become easier for simple cartoons to develop into what children see as real life. These animated cartoonsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1548 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Games Introduction Today video games are a staple in most households. It is pretty amazing to know that the first creation of games date all the way back to the 1900s. They were not originally invented to make a profit, but to give patients something to do while waiting in the lobby of an office. One inventor had a simple idea of using the monitor not just as a television set, but as a way to play games. College students were just playing around with equipment and happened upon something greatRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completi ng important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children940 Words   |  4 Pageswas bored they went outside to play, they created new games, or they played with friends. But, for the past three decades, video games and other digital media have been persuading many adolescents and children to spend the majority of their time playing them. Video games seem to satisfy children’s natural need to interact socially, however more often than not, they lead to social isolation. Overexposure to digital media, such as video games is detrimental to the health and function of a child’sRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children1519 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an a ll-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ‘mature’ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion itsRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For more than 30 years, video gaming has been a popular activity amongst many of America’s children. With over $63 billion (Reuters, reuters.com) worth sold each year, video games are here to stay. While much controversy has arisen over the subject, video games have benefited the United States of America and its citizens to a great degree. For example, the military and CIA use gaming to train soldiers (Davidson, www.ehow.com), and classrooms use video games to teach students. The potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe world of today has developed in a way that even children are affected by technology. They enjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. These days, video games have become an issue that has brought concern to many people from parents to scholars about their potential effect on the future of children through influenci ng their conduct. They feel that the violent behavior or any other negative consequence

The Music Of The Band Heart - 2204 Words

I imagine this doesn t apply to everyone, as each person is different and I know some people don t listen to music (Gasp!). But in general, it seems as if music has the ability to move us. I ve thought about this quite a bit, but the video of the band Heart’s live cover of Led Zeppelin’s â€Å"Stairway to Heaven† really made me wonder (pun not intended. Seriously, though, if you haven’t seen it, it’s nothing short of mind-blowing; one of the best â€Å"Stairway† covers in a long time). I enjoy listening to almost every kind of music, but my personal favorite has to be classic, golden-age rock and roll (1960s through 1980s, with some songs from other decades scattered throughout). I know some people who will roll their eyes and mentally groan, â€Å"I know!†, at me bringing up my three favorite bands again (for the record, they’re 1) Queen, 2) Alice Cooper, 3) Aerosmith; not in order of preference, but the order of when I got into them) but I don’t let it get to me. (If I do, that’s what my music binges are for). To me, they never stop sounding amazing. Anyways, when I listen to it, it seems to control my emotions. I have a chemical and physical response to the music. I know this happens with a lot of people. Why do we seem to have such a powerful connection with music? Well, maybe because it affects each one of us differently, there is no set answer; instead, there are many possible effects, such as... Dancing: Dancing is a major part of almost every culture. It is also a veryShow MoreRelatedThe Extrordinary Influence of the Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band 1780 Words   |  7 PagesFor thousands of years, music has been influencing people in extraordinary ways. The Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band should not be mistaken as an ordinary album. Without a doubt, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, an incredibly innovative album, stands as the most influential album of all time; it stands as a true masterpiece. People all around, especially artists, were influenced greatly by the innovations the album brought to the world of music. Many people have said that fromRead MoreRock And Roll Of The 1960 S1611 Words   |  7 Pagesvery memorable decade. Rock and roll music went through a very dramatic transformation; A few bands went through some changes of their own to keep selling albums. Two very popular bands that went through a transformation was the Beach Boys and the Beatles. I bring up these two well-known bands because I believe that they played a key role in the transformation of rock and roll. Rock and roll would not be the same today without these two remarkable bands. Between the Beach Boys and the BeatlesRead MoreMusic in My Life Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesMusic, its a part of everyones life. From childhood sing-a-long songs, to garage grunge music, and everything in between music is everywhere. Growing up with an extremely musical background it was in my genes that I would become a musician. Playing music has helped me become the person I am by being a release for my anger, broadening my future and make new friends.. I first joined the band in the fourth grade playing the drums. I played for about two weeks then I quit because I didnt like itRead MoreAnalysis of album art of the 20th Century Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesMusic has always had a strong influence on people everywhere in the world and nothing points to this ever changing. There is an enormous amount of genres and sub genres, new hits and old classics, songs and compositions for everyone and this number is forever increasing. It is virtually impossible to listen to all songs ever written and hardly anyone would try to attempt that, yet each band and singer would want to have their music noticed. This is why album art is an essential part of any musicRead MoreMusic Is The Greatest Singer Of The 20th Century1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe culture of music is one of the most ever evolving outlets society has, people from all around the world can find common ground between simple beats and rythyms. Music genres are built off of one anot her to develop new and unique genres, ranging from classical blues to heavy metal bands. In between the years 1960 and 2010 America has had over 13 diverse genres rule over musics Hot 100. Numerous talented artists have advanced music to what the world knows it as today. Frank Sinatra is one ofRead MoreThe Famous Jazz Musici Louis Armstrong.louis Armstrong854 Words   |  4 Pagesjazz music is in New Orleans jazz style.This person is Louis Armstrong.Louis Armstrong is a famous jazz musician in US,maybe can say if you listen jazz music ,I am sure that you must know him. His significance of jazz music ,like classical music of Bach rock music of Presley.He was born on August 4,1901 in New Orleans.He was living in a poor family and father go away.He was interested in singing but at that time living is difficult so nobody wanted to spent money to sent him to learn music and nobodyRead MoreThe Beatles : The Best Rock Band Of The Rock Era1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe Beatles are arguably the best rock band of the rock era. They formed in Liverpool in 1960 and consisted of 4 members John Lennon, George Harrison, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr. The boys played clubs over a 3 year period to build their reputation. Their first hit â€Å"Love me do† expanded their popularity in the United Kingdom and over the next year Beatlemania grew and by 1964 they had gone international and had invaded the United States pop market. They continued to rock the world with incredibleRead MoreThe Music Of Grunge Music1045 Words   |  5 PagesGrunge Music Grunge music was one of the most popular genres in the 1990’s, bringing a new style of rock with gritty distortion and new styles of hair and clothing. One band some may know that was a popular grunge band in the 90’s was Nirvana, which consisted of lead singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain, drummer Dave Grohl, and bassist Krist Novoselic. This band was most popular for their hit album â€Å"Nevermind†. â€Å"One of their most popular songs on this album, ‘Smells Like Teen Spirit’, has been andRead MoreThe Musical Influences On The Beatles : The Beatles1644 Words   |  7 Pages Cynthia Leon Music 12 Dr. Michael Zilber The Beatles The Beatles are an English rock band that became one of the most iconic bands in history. All four of the band members of the Beatles John Lennon, George Harrison, Paul McCartney and Ring Starr were born in Liverpool in the early 1940’s. During this time England was in the midst of WWII and they were deemed as â€Å"war babies†. The shambles that England was left in cultivated skiffle from the U.S. which was a form of music that made it fairly easyRead MoreJohn Philip Sausa: The March King Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"This boy ought to do something useful, I’ll teach him some music.† (10) John Esputa suggested to Antonio Sousa as his young son, John Philip Sousa, yearned for the opportunity to learn the ways of a musician. From a stubborn boy attempting to play the violin and trombone to the old man conducting his own talented band, deciding to learn music made John Philip Sousa the man who earned the grand title of The March King. The songs he wrote traveled word-wide, many pieces spreading across continents

Diabetes Essays - 551 Words

Diabetes There are three types of diabetes. Type I is called Diabetes Mellitus. In type I the body stops making insulin or makes small amounts. Without insulin glucose cannot get into your cells which is needed to burn for energy. Glucose will collect in the blood. Over time high levels of glucose in the blood may hurt the eyes, kidney, nerves, or heart. Type I occurs mostly in people under 30, though it may occur at any age. The signs may come suddenly and be quite severe. The symptoms may include frequent urination, constant hunger, constant thirst, weight loss, weakness, fatigue, edginess, mood changes, nausea, and vomiting. People with type I have to take insulin. No one knows for sure why people get type I†¦show more content†¦Type II runs in families, being overweight brings it on. It is common in people who eat too much fat, eat too little carbohydrates and fiber, and get too little exercise. When a person is overweight the body has a harder time using the insulin that it makes. Often the term insulin resistance is used which means that the body does not respond to insulin as it should. The third type of diabetes is called Gestational Diabetes. This form is only a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy. It will affect 2-4 percent of pregnancies with an increased chance of developing diabetes for both the mother and child. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get inside the bodies cells. We use the glucose for energy. Insulin is made in the pancreas. When we eat, a lot of the food is broken into sugar. Insulin allows the sugar to leave the bloodstream and enter you body cells, where it becomes energy. There are two sources of insulin, animal and bacteria. Animal insulin comes from the pancreas of deceased pigs and cows. Bacteria insulin also know as human insulin is made in a lab. Today more people use human insulin rather than animal insulin. With animal insulin people are more likely to cause allergies. Insulin has three parts, Onset, Peak time, and duration. Onset is the time is takes for insulin to start working. Peak time is when the insulin is working the hardest. Duration isShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes3153 Words   |  13 PagesPeople all around the world might know someone with diabetes, but might have never realized how did they get diabetes, what will happen with them, what do they go through, what makes them change their liv es, or what is there everyday basis when someone has diabetes? It may not be your problem, but to show respect and care for the one who may have diabetes can help them and benefit yourself to know more about it and have a better understanding of it. It can impact a person s personal life to knowRead MoreDiabetes : The Growth Of Knowledge On Diabetes1018 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes The research focused on explaining the meaning of diabetes and how literary some concepts can be used to control the situation. Diabetes is a defect in the body that results from the inability to convert glucose to energy. In the medical terms, glucose is the primary source of energy that enables the body to execute its functions effectively. The types of foods that affect the blood sugars are called carbohydrates. We can find carbohydrates in foods such as potatoes, corn, fruit, rice andRead MoreDiabetes And Its Effects On Diabetes1408 Words   |  6 Pagesgo hand in hand with diabetes. Everyone who has diabetes goes through different events or problems each and every day. However, there is more than just one type of diabetes that corresponds with these things; there are two distinct types. It is unsure how Diabetes was discovered but now there are much simpler ways to detect if someone is diabetic. As time has gone on, it is greatly apparent that the technology and all that scien tists know about diabetes has changed. Diabetes is a disease in whichRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1433 Words   |  6 Pages Diabetes mellitus (sometimes called sugar diabetes) is a condition that occurs when the body can t use glucose (a type of sugar) normally. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body s cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is made by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells. In diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body can t respond normally to the insulin that is made (type 2 diabetes)Read MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages Diabetes refers to clinically and heterogenous group of disorders described by abnormal high levels blood glucose. Diabetes is ranked as 6th leading cause of death. It direct annual medical costs is approximately over $ 92 billion, and another $ 40 billion indirect cost. It affects approximately 18.2 million people in the USA (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). Explain the differences between types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. There are three major classificationRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe family has diabetes. Her husband, your grandfather, is at risk for diabetes. Your father has diabetes. Your mother is at risk for diabetes. Your half-sister on your father’s side of the family was recently tested for diabetes. What kind of future regarding diabetes does that leave you with? This may not be you, but this is me. This is my diabetic and at risk family. What is the difference between the types of diabetes? What are the possible problems I can have because of diabetes? How can I treatRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1371 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes For my health project topic I chose Diabetes. One of my aunts has type one diabetes, and that is partially why I chose to do this topic. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar) because of varying reasons. Some of these reasons include insulin production is inadequate or because the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in theRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes851 Words   |  4 Pages Diabetes comes in multiple forms: type 1, or diabetes insipidus; type 2, or diabetes mellitus; or gestational, which occurs during pregnancy and may be either type 1 or type 2. Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the person has high blood glucose. (Blood glucose is also know was blood sugar.) When the person has high blood sugar it’s either because the insulin result is insufficient, or the body’s cells don’t respond to the insulin like it should, or both can happen. There are different typesRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes919 Words   |  4 PagesResistance: Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is most commonly known as diabetes. Diabetes is formally a Greek word that translates to, â€Å"the making of lots of urine with sugar in it or making sweet urine† Brawley. This disease is due to a metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes is caused due to the fact that insufficient insulin is being produced in the pancreas. Sometimes this disease can even be caused because the cells are not being responsive to the insulin being produced. Unfortunately diabetes is not justRead MoreDiabetes Is An Illness Of Diabetes2273 Words   |  10 Pages INTRODUCTION Diabetes is an illness that’s been raising for many years and yet there hasn’t been a cure found for it. Diabetes is diagnosed when you have too much glucose also known as sugar in your blood, where the pancreas isn’t able to make enough insulin to pass the sugar in use for energy to the different cells in your body. Glucose in the bloodstreams comes from the carbohydrate foods which are changed into sugar after we have eaten them or the glucose that’s been stored in the liver that

Conformity Is The Most Prized Virtue - 1985 Words

â€Å"Society,† Emerson wrote in his timeless treatise on self-reliance and what it really means to be a nonconformist, â€Å"is a joint-stock company, in which the members agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater.† In such a groupthink society, Emerson cautioned, conformity is the most prized virtue, but whoever wishes to be a true person â€Å"must be a nonconformist.† â€Å"Life would be dull indeed without experimenters and courageous breakers-with-tradition,† wrote Marie Bullock, the courageous founder of the Academy of American Poets, a century later when she rose to defend E.E. Cummings from his detractors in 1951 — detractors who had attacked the Academy for awarding him their†¦show more content†¦Shahn illustrates the value of nonconformity as a catalyst of cultural evolution with the story of the tumult that took place in France when officials proposed that one of the pavilions of the prestigious 1925 Paris Exhibition be set up in the space belonging to the Society of Independent Artists — the collective of nonconformists whose annual exhibitions had been setting the tone for modern art since their formation in 1884. It was suggested that these innovators had done their job and there was no further need for their tradition-upending sensibility, so they should relinquish their space to the traditional art establ ishment. benshahn_nonconformist4 An art critic appalled by the backward proposition responded with twenty-five reasons why the Independents should keep their space and hold their annual exhibition. The reasons he listed were only names — the names of the most recent winners of the Prix de Rome, the venerated French art award that had been conferred upon promising talents in traditional art since 1663. All but one of those names were by then completely unknown. The critic juxtaposed those with the names of twenty-five artists who had presented at the Independents’ exhibition — artists who, as Shahn points out, â€Å"could not by any stretch of the imagination have won such an award [as the Prix de Rome].† Among those wereShow MoreRelatedRomulus My Father Notes1861 Words   |  8 Pagesconcept for my father and Hora. It stood for a settled disposition for which it was possible rightly to admire someone... Honesty, loyalty, courage, charity (taken as a preparedness to help others in need) and a capacity for hard work were the virtues most prized by the men and women I knew then. Romulus believes that life is short and full of suffering: 121: His sense of life is beautifully expressed in the ‘Prayer for the Dead’: ‘Man that is born of woman hath but a short time to live andRead MoreWhat Affects Our Self Concept?4497 Words   |  18 Pagestruth, it is our perception. So with this self-concept of altruism if I were to walk down the street and see a homeless family begging for change and not give them any money this may cause me to reflect on my self-concept and feel guilty. This is when most people will justify their way around their hypocritical behavior, maybe I could say I was in a hurry, or I already donate to charity, or they got themselves there because they are lazy. None of that actually has anything to do with my self-conceptRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 PagesInvisible government, in the shape of rudimentary political parties, arose almost overnight. 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Diatomite Essay Example For Students

Diatomite Essay DIATOMITEDiatomite is a sedimentary rock, that is white and yellowish incolor. It is composed of fossilized skeletons of one-celled algae-likeplants called diatoms. It is accumulated in marine areas. TheHoneycomb sillia structure is useful because of its high absorptivecapacity and surface area. It is also very chemically stable. Itsprincipal use is filtration. This substance of diatomite is extracted from many countriesaround the world. Out of 30 world countries the largest suppliers arethe United States, China, Denmark, and Japan. China supplies about350 thousand metric tons, Denmark extracts 375 thousand metrictons, and Japan, 190 thousand metric tons. About 725 thousandmetric tons of diatomite are extracted from the US Worldwide about2,150 thousand metric tons are removed from the earth. This product consists of approximately 90 percent silica, and theremainder consists of compounds such as aluminum and iron oxides. The material is extracted by a dredging barge cuts sediment withrotating knives, mixes it with water and pumps it along a suspendedpipeline to the shore. Because diatomite is made from a skeletalstructure of diatoms, it isnt made of chemicals that need to beextracted. It is highly unreactive to other chemicals. It also has alow thermal conductivity rate and a high fusion point. Most diatomite mines are open pit mines because the depositsare usually at or near the surface. Open pit mines are especially hardon the environment because they are very large holes in the ground. Diatomite is also mined when geologic uplifting brings these depositsabove sea level. The diatomite is easily mined this way, however,being in marine areas, pollution in the water is a big concern. Through the use of many mining machines, the waters can be easilypolluted. The method of dredging to cut away at the sediment doesnot seem like it would be as environmentally friendly as well. Asidefrom the mining having impact on the actual land, diatomite mininghas impacts on birds in surrounding areas. Many birds show atendency to avoid dredging areas. Besides factors of noise andpollution and general unpleasantness of machines, birds also rely onanimals in shallow water for food where dredging has occurred. Currently there are no recycling methods for diatomite. Theeventual replacement of di atomite filters with membrane types maybe speeded by legislation regarding waste disposal, which would makethe option of dumping diatomite cake in landfill sites more expensiveor even prohibited. One environmental specification of color is put ondiatomite, because it is a calcine product. It has to be of a lightwhitish color or it is not available to be mined. This helpsenvironmentally because the color determines a standard for whatcompanies can and cannot mine. I think one way for lessening the impact on the environment,would be to work harder at developing recycling methods fordiatomite cake. If recycling could be put into use not as muchdiatomite would need to be mined. To excavate diatomite, differentcombinations of rippers, dozers, scrapers, front-end loaders, powershovels, and dump trucks are used. Underground mining is not toouncommon outside the United States. Usually, room-and-pillarmethods are used, often with equipment similar to that used in openpits; in the smallest mines, hand tools are used. Dredging is used torecover diatomaceous mud from the bottom of lakes. Since all thesemethods are used in excavation, I think the best idea would be tochoose the method with the least impact environmentally. Sixty four percent of the diatomite mined is used in filtration. Fourteen percent is used for absorbents, and twelve percent used infillers. While two percent used for insulation, and eight percent usedin other ways. Diatomite is principally used in filtration of variousalcoholic beverages, sugar, oil, organic and inorganic chemicals, andwater. .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .postImageUrl , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:hover , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:visited , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:active { border:0!important; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:active , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Managing The Managers EssayMany materials can be substituted for diatomite. Expandedperlite and silica sand compete for filtration purposes. Other filtrationtechnologies use ceramic, polymeric, or carbon membrane. Alternatefiller materials include talc, ground silica sand, ground mica, clay,perlite, vermiculite, and ground limestone. For thermal insulationmaterials such as various clays and special brick, mineral wool,expanded perlite, and exfoliated vermiculite can be used. Conservation would mostly be attained through finding ways torecycle or more efficiently using the cake, or using substitutes for thematerial. Diatomite is an excellent filtering material for many things. Most commonly used in beverages, fruit juices, soft drinks, beer, andwine. It is used in chemicals like sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, andgold salts. Filtration of cooking oils, vegetable and animal, andsugars, cane, beet, and corn,

Derivatives and Risk Management Delta Risk and Reward

Question: 1. Calculate the delta hedge updates, adjustments and forward contract valuations in Appendix 2. 2. Do you think Scout Finch would view delta hedging as more or less risky for Dayton than an ordinary forward contract or purchased option hedge? Justify your answer with reference to literature. 3. How would you respond to the accusation that delta hedging is very subjective in its approach to viewing both the direction of an exchange rate movement and the proportion of hedge cover? Discuss with reference to literature. 4. If you were Scout Finch, what recommendation on the use of delta hedging would you make to your CFO? Justify your recommendation.? Answer: 1. Delta hedge updates, adjustments and forward contract valuations As per the case the data related for the scenario 4 is as follows. Exhibit 1: Inputs Inputs Spot Price in $/euro 1.3309 Strike price $/euro 1.3350 volatility (annualized) in percentages 10 domestic interest rate (annualized) 3.30 foreign interest rate (annualized) 2.00 time to maturity in days 92 Put option value $/euro 0.0265 Calculation for the value of Delta as a put option Here delta is calculated using the formula Here d1 is as follows: S0: Spot price. X: Strike price. r: domestic price. q: foreign exchange rate. Sigma: annualized volatility. t: time to maturity in years. The formula for Delta calculation is as illustrated by Jorion, (2009) in Financial Risk Manager Handbook. The seed/initial value of delta using the above formula is (-0.4859). The delta for a put is negative. Using the seed value of delta, proportionate hedging is done with forward contracts, while remaining part of portfolio is kept uncovered. Using the new spot price and time to maturity at 86 days, the delta value is recalculated and portfolio hedging recalibrated. The process of updating in continued every week till maturity. Exhibit 2 lists the deltas with forward contracts at different updates of delta. 2: Daytons Delta Hedging updates US Dollar /Euro Spring 2005 Update number Number of Days to maturity Spot Rate Delta Optimal hedge Hedge adjustments Remaining uncovered Sold or bought Forward Forward rate Forward proceeds. 1 92 1.3309 -0.4859 -485900 0 514100 -485900 1.3353 648822.27 2 86 1.2956 -0.6986 -698600 -212700 301400 -212700 1.2996 276424.92 3 78 1.2893 -0.7455 -745500 -46900 254500 -46900 1.2929 60637.01 4 71 1.2908 -0.7501 -750100 -4600 249900 -4600 1.2941 5952.86 5 64 1.2926 -0.754 -754000 -3900 246000 -3900 1.2956 5052.84 6 57 1.3068 -0.6784 -678400 75600 321600 75600 1.3095 -98998.2 7 50 1.2919 -0.7917 -791700 -113300 208300 -113300 1.2942 146632.86 8 43 1.2834 -0.8594 -859400 -67700 140600 -67700 1.2854 87021.58 9 36 1.2643 -0.9513 -951300 -91900 48700 -91900 1.2659 116336.21 10 29 1.2555 -0.9817 -981700 -30400 18300 -30400 1.2568 38206.72 11 22 1.2568 -0.9909 -990900 -9200 9100 -9200 1.2578 11571.76 12 15 1.2227 -0.9992 -999200 -8300 800 -8300 1.2234 10154.22 13 8 1.2128 -0.9996 -999600 -400 400 -400 1.2132 485.28 14 1 1.2239 -0.9999 -999900 -300 100 -300 1.2239 367.17 15 0 1.2200 Using the value of covered and uncovered proceeds from exhibit 2, we get the delta hedge results as in Exhibit 3. Exhibit 3: Hedge results Delta hedge results Net Proceeds from forwards 1308668 Proceeds from uncovered 122 Total dollar Proceeds 1308790 Using the forward contract as reference the performance for the 4 strategies are listed in Exhibit 4: Exhibit 4: Comparison if different strategies Hedging Alternatives Comparison with Simple full forward covered Remained uncovered 1220000 -115300 Forward covered 1335300 0 Put Option Cover 1308500 -26800 Delta Hedge 1308789.5 -26510.5 Performance results of different strategies for Dayton manufacturing: Exhibit 5: Potential Dollar movement scenarios and performance: Dollar Stable Dollar Strong Dollar Strong Dollar Strong Strike Rate 1.75 1.75 1.9 1.335 Volatility 5.06 5.06 10 10 Domestic interest rates 6 6 3.30 3.30 Foreign Interest rates 8 8 4 2 Forward Rate Range 1.754 1.7612 1.754 1.7371 1.905 1.8286 1.3353 1.2239 Spot Rate Range 1.764 1.7618 1.764 1.735 1.9111 1.8311 1.3309 1.22 Remained uncovered 1761800 2792 1735000 -10522 1831100 -41577 1220000 -88789.5 Forward covered 1754000 -5008 1754000 8478 1904960 32283 1335300 26510.5 Put Option Cover 1734625 -24383 1734635 -10887 1863818 -8859 1308500 -289.5 Delta Hedge 1759008 0.00 1745522 0.00 1872677 0.00 1308790 0.00 Assumption: Delta hedge is reference for all the calculations. The above exhibit compares the performance of the 4 strategies. The green cells indicates the strategy performed better than delta hedging , while red indicates, that strategy performed bad with respect to delta hedging. The outcome is based on the 4 scenarios given in the case. Case1: Dollar to pound stable exchange rates In case of Stable dollar with respect to pound or euro, the forward contract loses money as entire portfolio was 100% forward hedged at forward rates at the starting of the period, and benefits of weaker dollar during the term of contract could not be taken. Second for Put option a hefty sum is to be given as option price as discussed by John H, (2013), hence the strategy looses the highest in this case. Here the value of portfolio at the end of term for delta hedging is the closest to the spot rate at the time of opening that is why hedging is done, to have minimum uncertainty with respect to current positions as discussed by Longo J (2009). For uncovered strategy for stable dollar, the exchange rate moves around a predefined pegged value only. Thus uncovered strategy makes the profit, but there is no certainty to this case and strategy may lose a lot of money too. Case2: Dollar to pound and euro exchange rates going weak (Dollar strong) For scenario 2 in the case study the dollar to pound and dollar to euro for scenario 4 the exchange rates are going weaker, this means that dollar is going strong and Dayton loses money in this scenario. Taking a full forward position is the best strategy for such predicted strong dollar case. Delta hedge being a modified version of Forward hedge looses little money in this case. While the put option and uncovered strategy looses the maximum amount in this scenario. 3. Dilemma of Increase in Risk in Delta Hedging for Dayton Manufacturing: The 4 strategies are compared on the basis of their rankings in 4 different scenarios given in the case. As can be seen, the Delta hedge strategy was the second best performer for all the cases. Other strategies have worked with varied level of performance for different scenarios. Exhibit 6: Rank wise comparison of the 4 strategies: Scenario 1/ Dollar stable Scenario 2/ Dollar Strong Scenario 3/ Dollar strong Scenario 4/ Dollar Strong Remained uncovered 1 4 4 4 Forward covered 3 1 1 1 Put Option Cover 4 3 3 3 Delta Hedge 2 2 2 2 Justification in favor of delta: The Scenarios that the case discussed, in that 3 out of 4 scenarios were showing a dollar strengthening trend, and for that case, forwards cover is always a very good strategy for an exporter in U.S. , to get money in foreign currency. Delta strategy does not perform that well, to increase its performance, the number of updates needs to be increased. Delta hedging a special case of forward contract: As per Giovanni B (June 1987), forward contract is a linear hedging technique with underlying moving in almost a linear fashion. This technique is used in delta hedging. Delta hedging finds an optimal delta value making portfolio risk free, and the part of the portfolio equivalent to the delta proportion, has to be hedged using forward contract. Delta used here is the same delta used in black Scholes model to make the portfolio risk free. Thus it can be said that Delta hedging is a special case of forward contract hedging technique. More updates required for increasing the performance: Delta needs to be updated, as the spot rates - the underlying, changes. For new value of spot rate, the portfolio is no longer a risk free and hence a new value of the delta needs to be found. Portfolio needs to be aligned with covered and uncovered parts using new delta values. With increase in the number of the updates the performance of the portfolio improves, and in fully dynamically updated delta hedging, the portfolio delta is changed many times in a day. As discussed by Rajiv S. (2014) a dynamically updated delta hedging produces the best result. Hedging cost is reduced: Hedging comes with a cost, as premium is to be paid for hedging. Now for full forward contract and Put option, an upfront price is to be paid for hedging 100% of the portfolio. While in case of Delta hedging every time only part of portfolio is hedged that makes the portfolio risk free. This makes the hedging cost to minimum. Flexibility in management of portfolio: During the course of entire period, the hedgers have full flexibility in updating and reorienting the portfolio and change what part of the portfolio needs to be hedged through forward contract. The loss in this strategy in some of the cases for delta hedging is worth for the level of flexibility the strategy provides. Conclusion: For exchange rate taking a random walk with no fixed direction of movement, the delta hedging is the best strategy. When the number of updates is increased the performance of the delta hedging improves. Delta hedging makes the portfolio independent of the movement of spot price, thus the volatility in the spot price only matters for deciding the portfolio performance. Delta hedge is subjective in its movement for changes in exchange rates in either direction and same is true for hedged covered. Delta hedging uses forward contract as the underlying hedging technique. The delta value controls the portfolio to be kept under forward cover. To compare the delta movements on either side changes in underlying spot exchange rate, let us consider the graph, which plots the put delta values against the underlying price. Figure 1: Put Delta values Vs underlying Price. For either side changes in exchange rate the curve is a symmetric, the value of delta changing the most in the middle and saturates at either ends. The curve is taken from Dynamic Hedging. (2015) from riskencyclopedia.com. The curve shows that, the delta moves equally for either side changes in exchange rate. Delta hedging uses these values of Delta for reorienting the delta and hence delta hedging is symmetric for either side changes in Exchange rates or portfolio under hedge cover is also symmetric for either side changes in spot exchange rate. Thus it is clear that delta hedging is not subjective to either side movements in spot exchange rates. On observing the delta movements with change in the spot rates, sometimes it seems that delta moves more in one direction with change in the spot rate, while changes very little or do not change at all with opposite movement in spot exchange rate. The reason for this one side movement is, Delta is a function of spot exchange rate, time and underlying volatility also. So, Delta tends to move in one direction as time to maturity decreases, towards -1 in case of dollar getting stronger and 0 in stable dollar case. The movement by time curtails the movement of delta in opposite direction due to exchange rate moving in opposite direction. Thus it can be said that delta hedging moves symmetrically on both the sides with either side movements in exchange rates. 4. Strategic Recommendations to CFO of Dayton manufacturing: A scenario based hedging strategy needs to be followed to achieve the best results for Dayton manufacturing. The 3 strategies for different kind of movements of underlying spot rate is as follows. Dollar/Euro and Dollar/Pound rates falling (Dollar getting stronger): For an exporting firm like Dayton manufacturing with large part of receivables in foreign currency, should use a full covered forward contract, whenever it is predicted that dollar is going to get stronger. Banks (2006) suggests that whenever the macroeconomic parameters like interest rate differential between domestic and foreign interest rates etc indicates that domestic currency is going to be stronger; a fully covered forward contract works the best. The 100% hedged portfolio using forward contract clips the loss to the forward rate at the time of the signing the contract. As the spot rate is bound to fall further, this strategy pays the best in such cases. Bounded Random movement of exchange rate around a pegged value: When exchange rates are stable with small random movements around a pegged value, delta hedging technique provides the best result. The portfolio is hedged in such a way that makes it risk free every time. Frequent updates are done to re align the portfolio making it risk free. With increased number of updates the, the performance of the portfolio improves. Moreover, Delta hedging makes the portfolio independent of the underlying spot rate, as with delta hedging the portfolio is made risk free. But the volatility in spot rates decides how fast the delta needs to be changed. So Delta hedging becomes a function of volatility of underlying spot rate. As discussed by Antonio C. (2009) higher the value of volatility of spot rate, faster and larger is the movement of the spot rate and more delta updates are required. An option Greek called Vega helps to monitor, how frequent delta changes need to be made. Dollar /Euro and dollar/Pound rate increasing (Dollar getting weaker): Whenever the macroeconomic parameters show that dollar is going to be weak with respect to the currency of inflow, than it is most advisable to keep the portfolio fully uncovered. In this weak dollar case, all the exchange rates movements is going to be beneficial for Dayton, with larger dollar income every time. Thus Dayton manufacturing should use all the strategies. References: Suma John. (2015) Options Greeks: Delta Risk and Reward. [Online] Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/university/option-greeks/greeks2.asp [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. Rajiv S. (2014). Derivatives and risk management. New Delhi: OUP India. Alok D, Surendra Y, P.K. Jain. (2012). Derivative Markets in India: Trading, Pricing, and Risk. India: McGraw Hill Education. Jorion, Philippe (2009).Financial Risk Manager Handbook(5 ed.). John Wiley and Sons. Greeks/delta. (2015) Option Delta. [Online] Available from: https://www.optiontradingtips.com/greeks/delta.html [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. Derivative pricing. (2015) Currency options pricing explained. [Online] Available from: https://www.derivativepricing.com/blogpage.asp?id=22 [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. John H, Sankarshan B. (2013). Options, Futures and other Derivatives. India: Pearson. Dynamic Hedging. (2015) Dynamic Hedging. [Online] Available from: https://www.riskencyclopedia.com/articles/dynamic_hedging/ [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. Longo J, Cfa. (2009). Hedge Fund Alpha: A Framework for Generating and Understanding Investment Performance. World Scientific Publishing Company. Antonio C. (2009). FX Options and Smile Risk (The Wiley Finance Series). John Wiley Sons. Derivative pricing. (2015) Currency options pricing explained. [Online] Available from: https://www.derivativepricing.com/blogpage.asp?id=22 [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. Jorion, Philippe (2009).Financial Risk Manager Handbook(5 ed.). John Wiley and Sons. Giovanni B, Robert E.W. (June 1987).Efficient analytic approximation of American option values.Journal of Finance42(2) Alok D, Surendra Y, P.K. Jain. (2012). Derivative Markets in India: Trading, Pricing, and Risk. India: McGraw Hill Education. Banks, Erik, Siegel, Paul (2006). The options applications handbook: hedging and speculating techniques for professional investors. McGraw-Hill Professional