Government Regulations - Propose Regulation Change Essay

Government Regulations - Propose Regulation Change - Essay Example The Coalition battles that per the 1991 Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has ward and select power to control interstate faxes. In the 2003 TCPA Order the Commission decided it would consider state guidelines and clashing state and government guidelines dependent upon the situation. The Coalition declares that 50 distinctive state laws would bring about undue difficulty and cost as for interstate business faxing. The Coalition has requested that the FCC apply its preemptive jurisdictional power and implement the Federal guideline and not think about the petitions on an individual premise. This would keep up consistency in the EBR exclusion in all states as composed into the Do-Not-Fax law of 2005. As a gathering with a personal stake in interstate fax correspondence, I restrict the Coalition's sweeping way to deal with pushing preemptive FCC ward. It is my conclusion that business would be ideally serviced by delaying a decision on the request to give the FCC abundant chance to draft a proposition to decently control business to business faxing at the government level. The FCC needs to offer an enforceable arrangement with quantifiable and certain terms, sensible quit techniques, and a satisfactory lapse time of the EBR.

The Real World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Real World - Essay Example I have in any case gone over a decent number of understudies who have graduated and found in occupations they didn't read or plan for. It is subsequently clear that there is the incredible contrast between life in reality and the school life. What am I going to do? At the present time, it is an extremely troublesome inquiry since I have no clue about what I will do in reality. As a first year recruit in the general public, it might be difficult to fit in reality condition as I anticipate. I am not the same as different understudies or young people who love discussing their future, expectations and possibilities. I major in promoting and I accept the showcasing abilities I got from school are sufficient to make me sail through. I can relate well with individuals both back in my country or in some other piece of the world in view of my aptitudes. I got exceptionally awesome relational abilities that may help me associating with anybody be it a ranking director or only a lesser represen tative of any organization all around. My folks consistently say,† It is the ideal opportunity for you to confront this present reality and you should locate your own value.† Actually, I am caring extremely terrified of this present reality since individuals frequently state that this present reality is savage. In spite of the fact that I am so amped up for completing school life, the experience of confronting this present reality is somewhat alarming. Undoubtedly looking outside world is difficult to understudies who recently relied upon their folks. School life is somewhat charming contrasted with this present reality. It appears that there are a few difficulties looked by graduates in reality that are generally not the same as the school or grounds life. Probably the best test looked in the genuine is the activity advertise experience which is altogether different from the school or grounds life. In reality, we have to figure out how to assemble a decent connection be tween our director and collaborators. I trust I am all around set and prepared to effectively fill in as an advertiser for any item be it my own items. We additionally need to figure out how to speak with others since it is difficult like when we were in school. As per my own encounters, when individuals get old it is exceptionally hard to track down old buddies. Additionally, I might want to show others why I am not quite the same as others and demonstrate my own an incentive to them. Actually, I am very associating in nature and in this manner I can make companions as quick as could reasonably be expected. Subsequent to moving on from the University, I might want to get a new line of work at the earliest opportunity since I need to become familiar with the new principles for this present reality. I think in the event that I join my recently obtained aptitudes from the books and the numerous abilities at work then I will totally fit into the new world. Here and there, this present reality is much the same as a blend that can change people’s character. In any case, everything has different sides; we can't simply concentrate on the negative side. Interestingly, we have to put forth a valiant effort in all things with the goal that we don't lament in future. We have to confront life the manner in which it is and locate the proper solution for each challenge without leaving anything to risk. Moreover, when I get into this present reality I will enhance my relational abilities with the general public, work in the gathering and construct fearlessness since these components are exceptionally valuable especially to the businesses. I feel that it is indispensable for a new alumni to gather different encounters and maintain a strategic distance from fastidiousness with regards to work choice.

Self-strengthening movernment in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Self-fortifying movernment in China - Essay Example Present day researchers of Chinese national security questions would do well to focus on a hundred-year time frame that denoted a really urgent second inside that 4000-year length. The defining moment in the Chinese history came in the nineteenth century, requiring as it does cautious consideration regarding the administration’s dealings with the extraordinary forces of Europe, the United States, and Japan. The Qing Dynasty which was in charge pretty much of the Empire since 1644, wound up at mid-century incapable to overlook managing the outside savages, and this necessary broad audit of its monetary, political and military arrangements and systems. The ability to make change to these zones and modernize Chinese military specifically can be recognized as the Self-Strengthening Movement1. The Self-Strengthening Movement, as the name demonstrates, pushed by a gathering of Qing authorities who needed to fortify the frail administration by taking in innovation from the western na tions. The Self-Strengthening Movement was additionally a time of institutional changes presented during the late Qing Dynasty following various military annihilations and concessions to western forces. Sadly, this development can be considered as a disappointment since China didn't have the option to safeguard itself during the Sino-French and Sino-Japanese wars. The disappointment of the Self â€Strengthening Movement can be associated with various reasons one being the set number of gifted labor, which prompted the breakdown of oneself reinforcing development. Transmission of innovation was little in 1881 when the undertaking of sending young men to western nations like United States of America to examine halted. China didn't understand that one of the genuine reasons was its degenerate framework and government. There was wide spread defilement in the legislature of China which can be viewed as a factor to the breakdown of self-reinforcing development in China. A model is the D owager Empress which spent more than 30 million Taels of assets implied for the maritime to developing the Summer Palace for her own â€Å"amusement during retirement† as Hsu expressed. The 30 million Taels intended to store and bolster the naval force of china. Hsu likewise noticed that Li Hongzhang can be â€Å"not noted for high ethics and character†. Obviously, Li abandoned a domain evaluated to be worth more than 40 million Taels that the individuals near him â€Å"milked and crushed the industrial facilities and ventures under their charge mercilessly.† Many more occasions prompted the breakdown of oneself fortifying development in china one of them being the western shippers pulling back their capital in China and stopping to exchange. The seaside shippers all got bankrupt and their unique quality turned out to be very depleted. The masses thus, moved away and became transients. In sometime in the not so distant future, they might be startled a few times without having the option to ensure their own lives. The Chinese traders even endured more. In oneself reinforcing development which included more wars, the Chinese shippers, simply raised a ruckus to themselves2. The Self-fortifying development had a constrained extent of exercises to complete. As indicated by Hsu, oneself reinforcing development just went similarly as improving â€Å"machines, ships, guns, mining, light industry and correspondences. No endeavors existed to coordinate Western associations, culture, expressions, and philosophy.†

LL Bean Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LL Bean - Case Study Example Likewise, future research can concentrate on explicit objective qualities dependent on more prominent data in regards to the genuine qualities pervasive in the estimation methodology of L.L. Bean. Watchwords: L.L. Bean; client prerequisites; target esteems; estimation L.L Bean exhibits an instance of an exceptionally client driven association that vows to convey predominant client support by offering consistent client assistance and strength shoes for exercises, for example, chasing. At the essence of L.L Bean’s client support is its 100% unconditional promise since the organization puts stock in â€Å"treating its clients like human beings†. Given the elevated level of client assistance, it is essential to break down the remarkable client necessities alongside estimation strategies for the equivalent. At last, target esteems are being evaluated to guarantee that the necessities are satisfied. L. L. Bean’s commitment to prevalent client support is reflected in it s guarantee of 100% unconditional promise on the entirety of its items whenever. This is joined with the incredible after deals administration accommodated item returns. Consequently, one of the significant client necessities that L.L Bean is obliging is high caliber of the item including the toughness and unwavering quality of the item. Besides, the organization takes into account the need of wearing shoes specific for specific circumstances which has been fulfilled by the arrangement of ‘specialty shoes’, especially, the Maine chasing shoe that is lightweight and stays dry. Above all, in any case, L.L Bean takes into account the customer’s requirement for requesting without visiting the store. This is especially valid for clients who might be in a rush and think that its advantageous to arrange by means of mail through the mail request index. L.L Bean, in this way, offers full indexes just as occasional inventories for clients keen on knowing the particulars, l ooks and costs of claim to fame items just as their ordinary line. This is enhanced by the company’s site which offers clients the office of shopping on the web without visiting the retail outlet. The additional accommodation of having various methods of installment further urges clients to shop online without any problem. The organization likewise obliges customers’ need to acquire brief reaction by giving client assistance consistently and for the duration of the day. This likewise effectively assists those clients who may have further questions or want extra data subsequent to perusing the mail inventory. Subsequently, affirmation is given to clients. At last, L.L Bean obliges customers’ necessities of quick conveyance and proficient coordinations by banding together with outsider coordinations which is Federal Express. This is on the grounds that the organization keeps speed as a significant request victor as a major aspect of its activities the board system as it realizes that moderate conveyance can prompt client disappointment. So as to guarantee that the last item arrives at clients on schedule, the company’s providers should likewise make convenient shipments to the organization. Subsequently, speed is an essential client prerequisite that the organization must take into account. The client necessity for high caliber and sturdy items can be estimated utilizing complete quality administration and six sigma theory. At the most straightforward level, item quality would be estimated utilizing the quantity of ‘quality’ objections by clients. When in doubt, the objective worth must not surpass 3 grumblings for each month. It must be

Extended Essay Topics - Biology and Nature

Extended Essay Topics - Biology and NatureThe science of biology is not the only discipline that needs an extended essay topic. There are many other subjects that could benefit from this type of essay, such as business, engineering, education, history, medicine, psychology, and sociology. If you can find one or two examples of long essay topics for each of these subjects, you should be able to write an essay on your own that will help your audience understand the topic much better.In biology, you would find a lot of scientific explanations. If you take a look at any biology essay, you will see that the topics may include the physical world, the genetic structure of organisms, developmental biology, reproduction, the endocrine system, metabolism, immunity, diseases, and developmental learning. You may also find that there are many other areas of research in biology, which you can include in your essay.Nature, on the other hand, is another topic that could use an extended essay topic. Some examples you may consider include the different types of plants, animals, and insects, as well as the biology of them all. You could also talk about the environment in which these creatures live. If you have experience working with the environment, you could consider writing an essay about your experiences.Human life is another field that could benefit from an extended essay topic. You might consider writing about the history of human life and how we came to be on the planet. You could also look at some of the ways in which we choose to adapt to different environments. You could compare humans with other creatures, whether they were less evolved or more evolved.Your career is another subject that could benefit from an extended essay topic. You might want to talk about a particular career that you have worked in, or you could talk about why you are interested in the topic in the first place. You could even decide to go into another field of science, if you enjoy what you do. For example, if you enjoy biology, you could talk about that and then talk about how that relates to medicine.Your educational background can be a topic that will help you write an essay. You could talk about what career path you chose and why it was the right choice for you. You could also talk about what kind of education you received and why you feel that the education you received was a good one. You could also talk about your accomplishments in school and how you were able to complete your degree.Even religion and politics could benefit from an extended essay topics examples. You could write about some of the things that you learned about religion, such as the doctrines of various religions, how the beliefs of certain groups conflict with others, or how the beliefs of different people are different. You could also talk about why you are opposed to some people and their opinions, and what religious beliefs you believe in.Biology and nature both benefit from an extended essay topics . You could talk about what you learned in biology class, how the principles of genetics affect life on Earth, how ecology helps explain the physical world, or how religion may affect life on Earth. If you have specific questions about the topics, you should ask your professor, or find information about the subject on the Internet, from textbooks, or online resources.

Trapped in an Isolated Present The First Chapter of Ivan Ilych - Literature Essay Samples

Poor Ivan Ilych is plagued by not one, but two diseases. While his floating kidney ends his life, it is a temporal disease which is actually healed as his kidney disease progresses that ruins his life. Ivan spends his life in a small temporal space he managed to dismiss his past (51) and instead spend his life focused on his physical trappings and social standing. In his writing Tolstoy made a large effort to fight this condition, the prejudice of . . . [temporal] closure (8), which he saw as pervasive in Russian society. But intriguingly, in addition to the characters in the story who have this closed view, the narrative of the first chapter and the first chapter alone shares this diseased sense of time in so far as a narrative can be assumed to convey some attitude about time. This singularly diseased chapter works to involve the reader in the attitude that the book then goes forth to destruct Ivans temporal disease is first recognized in the opening line of the 2nd chap ter, when the narrator tells us that Ivans life had been simple and commonplace and most horrifying (49). Where does the horror lie, if not in the simple commonplace events of Ivans life? It seems to lie in Ivans approach to life, which the narrator indicts Ivans approach to life when, in censorious terms, he tells us that Ivan had succumbed to sensuality and vanity (50). Sensuality suggests much more than an erotic approach to life and we know from the text that eros was no driving force in Ivans life. Instead sensuality points to a worldview that is focused on sensual or empirical information rather than thought or emotions. Ivans concern for those things empirical, and thus immediate, involves a temporal narrowing. When Ivan recognizes his temporal disease in the weeks before his death, he understands that what he gave up for his sensuality, was the friendship and hope of the his youngest days (119). Friendship, one thing he had abandoned, is a condition that ties one to the social relations of the past. Hope is a condition that ties one to the future. He dropped his concern with the past and future so that he could devote himself to the empirical. When he leaves one job his so-called friends had a group photograph taken and presented him with a silver cigarette case, and he set off to assume his new position (52). No mention is made of Ivans emotional history with these people; the only concern here is physical objects. Contributing to this temporal narrowing is the vane sense of social standing that is disconnected from moral ideas about social relations and instead concerned with the immediate impact of these social relations. Among those temporal diseases that Morson catalogues, Ivans obsession is closest to the Isolated Present, where the present may grow so intense that it almost banishes both memory and anticipation (201). Unlike the diseased whom Morson categorizes George Mead or even Aleksey Ivanovich in Dostoevskys The Gambler Ivan never thinks to justify his approach. Instead he seems to have a blasà © faith that the past has no significance and the future holds little worth thinking about. This laissez-faire attitude toward time is indicted, in the end, as senseless and disgusting (120). For most of the novel, the attitude of the narrator stands in stark contrast to the attitude of Ivan and his comrades. In the first line of the second chapter, the narrative calls Ivans life horrifying, an immediate criticism of Ivans capitulation to sensuality and vanity. The narrators explicit disagreement with the vanity of Ivans life emerges when, soon after calling Ivans life horrifying, he calls Ivans father a superfluous member of various superfluous institutions (49); obviously not a view shared by Ivans father, or Ivan, who followed in his fathers footsteps. Throughout Ivans story, the narrator reminds us of his disagreement with the sensual, vain attitude of the characters; when Ivan is in the afterglow of bui lding his beautiful house, the narrator reminds us that: In actuality, it was like the homes of all people who are not really rich but who want to look rich, and therefore end up looking like one another (66).But the essence of the narrators attitude lies not in how the narrator disagrees with Ivans view of life, but rather what the narrator affirms through the temporally open structure he creates. If we assume that the moment of narration is just after Ivans death, the entire novel, after the first chapter, is a completing analepses. The first moments of the second chapter, where there are a number of prolepses of different reach, is particularly temporally autonomous. Beginning with the near-reachable analepses that Ivan died at the age of forty-five, the narrator quickly jumps back to Ivans father, his superfluous positions already mentioned, and his three sons. This far-reaching analepses allows us to understand the family and childhood out of which Ivan emerged forces us to see Ivan as emerging from a past. Immediately after this far-reaching analepses, and before entering Ivans young adulthood, the narrator provides a very short reaching analepses, where he discusses what Ivan became in his later life; one strict to carry out whatever he considered his duty, along with the more scathing criticism of his sensuality and vanity (50). Before entering an analepses of intermediate-reach the bulk of Ivans life the narrator provides an analepses on either side, to make the reader aware of what Ivan came from, and what he is heading toward. The structure of this second chapter points to a different conception of time than Ivans one in which the past and future do matter. The narrator does not allow us to see Ivan as a temporally isolated figure, as Ivan himself does. For most of the rest of the novel, the narrator follows Ivans life from young adulthood, and the narrative supplies its own past. We see events leading to other events, in a very clumsy s ort of duration not the type of duration that Bergson would have wanted, but better than viewing events as entirely isolated. In providing these past and future events the narrator does not express a deterministic view of time, but he does provide a sense of consequence for Ivans actions, that Ivan himself is missing. Like almost all the peripheral characters in the novel, those in the first chapter actually an epilogue to the rest of the story share Ivans diseased view of time banishing emotion to focus on vain, immediate concerns. When Ivans colleagues hear about Ivans death, the first response to the news, by Vasilyevich is, Now Im sure to get Shtabels post (36). The word now points to the temporal position of the thoughts of these characters. But unlike in the rest of the novel, in this first chapter the narrator shares the diseased view of time. This is first apparent through the lack of dissent in the wake of the comments of Vasilevich and other like-minded men. In th e entire chapter the narrator provides nary a word of criticism of these characters. While the narrator never explicitly affirms their ideas about time, in the micronarrative the narrator does adopt the characters closed view of time, by almost never referring to the past or future. Though he does delve into the past for a moment early in the chapter, when he relates that Ilyich had been a colleague of the gentlemen assembled here . . . He had been ill for some weeks (35), this is really only said as a preface for understanding the job vacancy that is open for the other men in the law courts. There is also one prolepses, where the narrator asserts his grasp on time outside of the immediate present, when predicting that Pyotr Ivanovich was not destined to play cards that evening (40). But this anomalous prolepses (not least of all because it is wrong he does end up playing cards that night a curious fact that I will leave alone), only opens up a moment immediately after the pre sent one that could be considered part of the extended present. These brief references to the past and future that the narrator does make serve as important signals that the narrator does have the power to refer to moments outside of the present, but has decided not to.As in Ivans own life, the abandonment of past and future leads to a narrative focus on the empirical and immediate. The narrator follows Pyotr Ivanovich, and we learn that Pyotr Ivanovich stepped aside to let the ladies pass and slowly followed them up the stairs, and Pyotr Ivanovich went in bewildered, as people invariably are, about what he was expected to do there, and sees an old woman was standing motionless, and smells the faint odor of decomposition (38-9). The narrator tells us nothing about Pyotrs past experience at funerals, or the past experience of anyone Pyotr encounters. Only the immediate empirical facts are given.This leads to a shared conception of Ivan in the narrative and the story in strictly present terms: an abandoned post and a dead corpse. There are a few isolated moments where the characters themselves consider Ivans past Ivans wife recalls his suffering but even these details are given strictly in terms of their unnerving effect upon Praskovya (45). As a result Ivan is transformed into a set of empirical datum, a stinking corpse with rigid limbs a yellow waxen forehead, and protruding nose (39). This dead man, lying in his coffin, becomes the representative figure of the chapter he has no past and no future (there is reference to a church reader, but none of the familiar talk about the deceased going to a better place) he is a static form.The macronarrative too, is complicit in presenting an isolated view of time. Four small scenes are covered in the chapter: the revelation of Ivans death in the Law Courts; Pyotr at home with his wife, Pyotr at the funeral, and Pyotr at the card game. These are the events of a completely isolated afternoon and evening. Neit her the character nor the narrator makes reference to a substantial time outside of this afternoon, except the few references to Ivans suffering, considered only for their relevance in the present. The single prolepses already mentioned the only example of the narrator inserting a time outside of the immediate moment of narration refers temporally, from the funeral to the card game, merely a reference to another part of the isolated day under consideration. The chapter thus isolates the reader in a single day, becoming a structural representation of the Isolated Present. Nearly all of the evidence for the narrators attitude in this first chapter is negative evidence what the narrator did not do. But almost as soon as the narrator uses the word horrifying at the beginning of the second chapter, the closed attitude of the narrator in the first chapter is visible by contrast. The congruency between the narrative and the story in the first chapter is anomalous in more than just th is novel. Morson noted that in Tolstoys novels, the author frequently exploited a character who believes in closed time, like Ivan, by setting him in a novel based on open time (10). This is exactly what Tolstoy does in the latter chapters by setting Ivans life (a character who believes in closed time) against the open attitude of the narrative (roughly what Morson refers to as the novel). Morson implies that Tolstoy creates this juxtaposition between story and narrative in all of his novels. But this juxtaposition is, of course, absent in the first chapter of Ivan Ilyich, where the narrative shows the same despised attitude toward time as the character. This anomalous first chapter is best explained by Tolstoys desire to not only tell, but show this diseased view of time as the Jamesians distinguished between these two narrative acts (Genette 161). Its easy for Tolstoys narrator to tell us about Ivans laissez-faire attitude toward time about Ivans sensuality, and abandonmen t of friendship and the narrator can do something that is almost shows this attitude by describing Ivans actions. But this later act would be, at best illusional. As Genette says, it is impossible to really show something, all one can do is tell it in a manner which is detailed, precise, ÂÅ'alive, and in that way give more or less the illusion of mimesis (164). Genette is right about objects no amount of words will ever recreate an objectand similarly Tolstoy could not truly show or recreate Ivan, with or without attitude. But, to reconsider Genettes statement, when the thing you are trying to show is an attitude something that is constructed of words than the narrative does have the potential to truly show this, by assuming the attitude itself. In the rest of the book, when the narrator is telling us about Ivans problem, it is easy for the reader to use his distant stance to toss of Ivans problem as an easily identifiable one. But before we are allowed to enter this simpl e condemnation of Ivan, Tolstoy forces us, unwittingly, to view the world through a similarly closed mindset. This allows the reader to feel the visceral results of this mindset. We enter the chapter confronted by the specter of a dead man, but never have to confront the idea of death because the deluge of empirical details numbs our emotions. We are like Pyotr Ivanovich whose emotions are chilled at the funeral by the quotidian task of fixing a broken ottoman (42). But we are also allowed to see how apparently innocuous this attitude is from the inside there is no immediately apparent harm done by the narrators perspective in the first chapter. By allowing the reader to feel this, Tolstoy shows the reader that this is frequently an unidentified problem that we all fall into, and not one that we should easily ignore in ourselves.

Corporate Social Responsibility Marks Spencer

Corporate social responsibility, also known as CSR, is one of the most important topics in the corporate world. If a company is not public about its CSR mission or report, it could make consumers think that they do not care about them, their community or their environment. If a company does not demonstrate that have a positive view on CSR, then they could end up losing profitability because consumers will not want to support them, which could cause the company to close. These closings could be caused by multiple things, including competition from other companies that show they have strong understanding of corporate social responsibility. Marks Spencer, also known as MS, was established in 1884 as a local store in the UK. â€Å"As it grew, staying close to the community was important to its founders and by the 1930s the name Marks Spencer was synonymous with trust, quality, and significantly as an employer who looked after its employees, going beyond the minimum standards for w ages, benefits and care† (Richardson, 2015). For years, Marks Spencer were known for taking care of their employees, customers, and community but as times changed in the world, corporate America changed along with it. â€Å"There comes a time when other competitors copy and look for advantage, and this was the case for MS as other UK retailers assumed the leadership of the sector it once regarded as its own natural territory† (Richardson, 2015). 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Globalization and Greening the Supply Chain: ....................................................................................... 3 3. Marks and Spencer ................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1 Background ..............................................................................................Read MoreThe Impact Of Corporate Governance On The Uk1865 Words   |  8 Pagesto performance measurement. However, the Walker Review (2009) classifies that the role of the corporate governance as protection of shareholders’ interests by providing the company’s strategic conduct and overseeing capable managers to achieve it. Robert E. Wright (2014) argued that the corporate governance in the late 19th and early 20th century, were run like ‘republics’ with many checks and balances against fraud and seizing power of managers or large shareholders. Governance goes back as thereRead MoreMarks Spencer: Competitive Advanteges and Future Stragegies2469 Words   |  10 PagesStrategy Management MARKS SPENCER: COMPETITIVE ADVANTEGES AND FUTURE STRAGEGIES 1 TABLE OF CONTECTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 3. DISCUSSION, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 4. CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 2 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report will outline Marks and Spencer’s current capabilities by examining the group’s internal environment and competitive

The Effects Of Video Games On Children - 2025 Words

Today’s generation of video games are full of violence and gore. Violence is implemented as means to attract the general audience who find it entertaining. The impact and influence of video games is seen in the seventy-five percent of American adolescents who spend forty percent of their day directed towards playing games (Glazer 937). Games are capable of creating emotions varying from sorrow to absolute gratification. When you ask someone what they think of a game, they might answer â€Å"fun†. While the response sounds positive, it can actually be the complete opposite. People might find â€Å"fun† in being able to race against their buddies while other people find â€Å"fun† in cutting off an opponent’s head. Such instances are what worry parents about their children becoming violently aggressive. Now, it is not only the content of the video game itself that can cause aggression, but games in general can do this too. Video game companies always aim to fulfill the player s experience of need satisfaction (PENS) in order to make a successful outcome of sales. Games who meet the player experience of need satisfaction requirements such as competence, autonomy, and relatedness can really get consumers latched onto a game. Players then become addicted to a game and in turn become isolated. Disturbing the player while he or she is trying to reach the main objective will often result in not necessarily hostility but simple irritation. Such a scenario would be your mother asking you to â€Å"pauseShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. Do games affect our way of thinkingRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipad’s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand families integrateRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games hasRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words   |  8 Pagesaction, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highly advanced technology and computer programs, it has become easier for simple cartoons to develop into what children see as real life. These animated cartoonsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1548 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Games Introduction Today video games are a staple in most households. It is pretty amazing to know that the first creation of games date all the way back to the 1900s. They were not originally invented to make a profit, but to give patients something to do while waiting in the lobby of an office. One inventor had a simple idea of using the monitor not just as a television set, but as a way to play games. College students were just playing around with equipment and happened upon something greatRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completi ng important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children940 Words   |  4 Pageswas bored they went outside to play, they created new games, or they played with friends. But, for the past three decades, video games and other digital media have been persuading many adolescents and children to spend the majority of their time playing them. Video games seem to satisfy children’s natural need to interact socially, however more often than not, they lead to social isolation. Overexposure to digital media, such as video games is detrimental to the health and function of a child’sRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children1519 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an a ll-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ‘mature’ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion itsRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For more than 30 years, video gaming has been a popular activity amongst many of America’s children. With over $63 billion (Reuters, reuters.com) worth sold each year, video games are here to stay. While much controversy has arisen over the subject, video games have benefited the United States of America and its citizens to a great degree. For example, the military and CIA use gaming to train soldiers (Davidson, www.ehow.com), and classrooms use video games to teach students. The potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe world of today has developed in a way that even children are affected by technology. They enjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. These days, video games have become an issue that has brought concern to many people from parents to scholars about their potential effect on the future of children through influenci ng their conduct. They feel that the violent behavior or any other negative consequence

The Music Of The Band Heart - 2204 Words

I imagine this doesn t apply to everyone, as each person is different and I know some people don t listen to music (Gasp!). But in general, it seems as if music has the ability to move us. I ve thought about this quite a bit, but the video of the band Heart’s live cover of Led Zeppelin’s â€Å"Stairway to Heaven† really made me wonder (pun not intended. Seriously, though, if you haven’t seen it, it’s nothing short of mind-blowing; one of the best â€Å"Stairway† covers in a long time). I enjoy listening to almost every kind of music, but my personal favorite has to be classic, golden-age rock and roll (1960s through 1980s, with some songs from other decades scattered throughout). I know some people who will roll their eyes and mentally groan, â€Å"I know!†, at me bringing up my three favorite bands again (for the record, they’re 1) Queen, 2) Alice Cooper, 3) Aerosmith; not in order of preference, but the order of when I got into them) but I don’t let it get to me. (If I do, that’s what my music binges are for). To me, they never stop sounding amazing. Anyways, when I listen to it, it seems to control my emotions. I have a chemical and physical response to the music. I know this happens with a lot of people. Why do we seem to have such a powerful connection with music? Well, maybe because it affects each one of us differently, there is no set answer; instead, there are many possible effects, such as... Dancing: Dancing is a major part of almost every culture. It is also a veryShow MoreRelatedThe Extrordinary Influence of the Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band 1780 Words   |  7 PagesFor thousands of years, music has been influencing people in extraordinary ways. The Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band should not be mistaken as an ordinary album. Without a doubt, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, an incredibly innovative album, stands as the most influential album of all time; it stands as a true masterpiece. People all around, especially artists, were influenced greatly by the innovations the album brought to the world of music. Many people have said that fromRead MoreRock And Roll Of The 1960 S1611 Words   |  7 Pagesvery memorable decade. Rock and roll music went through a very dramatic transformation; A few bands went through some changes of their own to keep selling albums. Two very popular bands that went through a transformation was the Beach Boys and the Beatles. I bring up these two well-known bands because I believe that they played a key role in the transformation of rock and roll. Rock and roll would not be the same today without these two remarkable bands. Between the Beach Boys and the BeatlesRead MoreMusic in My Life Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesMusic, its a part of everyones life. From childhood sing-a-long songs, to garage grunge music, and everything in between music is everywhere. 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During this time England was in the midst of WWII and they were deemed as â€Å"war babies†. The shambles that England was left in cultivated skiffle from the U.S. which was a form of music that made it fairly easyRead MoreJohn Philip Sausa: The March King Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"This boy ought to do something useful, I’ll teach him some music.† (10) John Esputa suggested to Antonio Sousa as his young son, John Philip Sousa, yearned for the opportunity to learn the ways of a musician. From a stubborn boy attempting to play the violin and trombone to the old man conducting his own talented band, deciding to learn music made John Philip Sousa the man who earned the grand title of The March King. The songs he wrote traveled word-wide, many pieces spreading across continents

Diabetes Essays - 551 Words

Diabetes There are three types of diabetes. Type I is called Diabetes Mellitus. In type I the body stops making insulin or makes small amounts. Without insulin glucose cannot get into your cells which is needed to burn for energy. Glucose will collect in the blood. Over time high levels of glucose in the blood may hurt the eyes, kidney, nerves, or heart. Type I occurs mostly in people under 30, though it may occur at any age. The signs may come suddenly and be quite severe. The symptoms may include frequent urination, constant hunger, constant thirst, weight loss, weakness, fatigue, edginess, mood changes, nausea, and vomiting. People with type I have to take insulin. No one knows for sure why people get type I†¦show more content†¦Type II runs in families, being overweight brings it on. It is common in people who eat too much fat, eat too little carbohydrates and fiber, and get too little exercise. When a person is overweight the body has a harder time using the insulin that it makes. Often the term insulin resistance is used which means that the body does not respond to insulin as it should. The third type of diabetes is called Gestational Diabetes. This form is only a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy. It will affect 2-4 percent of pregnancies with an increased chance of developing diabetes for both the mother and child. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get inside the bodies cells. We use the glucose for energy. Insulin is made in the pancreas. When we eat, a lot of the food is broken into sugar. Insulin allows the sugar to leave the bloodstream and enter you body cells, where it becomes energy. There are two sources of insulin, animal and bacteria. Animal insulin comes from the pancreas of deceased pigs and cows. Bacteria insulin also know as human insulin is made in a lab. Today more people use human insulin rather than animal insulin. With animal insulin people are more likely to cause allergies. Insulin has three parts, Onset, Peak time, and duration. Onset is the time is takes for insulin to start working. Peak time is when the insulin is working the hardest. Duration isShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes3153 Words   |  13 PagesPeople all around the world might know someone with diabetes, but might have never realized how did they get diabetes, what will happen with them, what do they go through, what makes them change their liv es, or what is there everyday basis when someone has diabetes? It may not be your problem, but to show respect and care for the one who may have diabetes can help them and benefit yourself to know more about it and have a better understanding of it. It can impact a person s personal life to knowRead MoreDiabetes : The Growth Of Knowledge On Diabetes1018 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes The research focused on explaining the meaning of diabetes and how literary some concepts can be used to control the situation. 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Diabetes is a disease in whichRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1433 Words   |  6 Pages Diabetes mellitus (sometimes called sugar diabetes) is a condition that occurs when the body can t use glucose (a type of sugar) normally. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body s cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is made by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells. In diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body can t respond normally to the insulin that is made (type 2 diabetes)Read MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages Diabetes refers to clinically and heterogenous group of disorders described by abnormal high levels blood glucose. Diabetes is ranked as 6th leading cause of death. It direct annual medical costs is approximately over $ 92 billion, and another $ 40 billion indirect cost. 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Glucose in the bloodstreams comes from the carbohydrate foods which are changed into sugar after we have eaten them or the glucose that’s been stored in the liver that

Conformity Is The Most Prized Virtue - 1985 Words

â€Å"Society,† Emerson wrote in his timeless treatise on self-reliance and what it really means to be a nonconformist, â€Å"is a joint-stock company, in which the members agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater.† In such a groupthink society, Emerson cautioned, conformity is the most prized virtue, but whoever wishes to be a true person â€Å"must be a nonconformist.† â€Å"Life would be dull indeed without experimenters and courageous breakers-with-tradition,† wrote Marie Bullock, the courageous founder of the Academy of American Poets, a century later when she rose to defend E.E. Cummings from his detractors in 1951 — detractors who had attacked the Academy for awarding him their†¦show more content†¦Shahn illustrates the value of nonconformity as a catalyst of cultural evolution with the story of the tumult that took place in France when officials proposed that one of the pavilions of the prestigious 1925 Paris Exhibition be set up in the space belonging to the Society of Independent Artists — the collective of nonconformists whose annual exhibitions had been setting the tone for modern art since their formation in 1884. It was suggested that these innovators had done their job and there was no further need for their tradition-upending sensibility, so they should relinquish their space to the traditional art establ ishment. benshahn_nonconformist4 An art critic appalled by the backward proposition responded with twenty-five reasons why the Independents should keep their space and hold their annual exhibition. The reasons he listed were only names — the names of the most recent winners of the Prix de Rome, the venerated French art award that had been conferred upon promising talents in traditional art since 1663. All but one of those names were by then completely unknown. The critic juxtaposed those with the names of twenty-five artists who had presented at the Independents’ exhibition — artists who, as Shahn points out, â€Å"could not by any stretch of the imagination have won such an award [as the Prix de Rome].† Among those wereShow MoreRelatedRomulus My Father Notes1861 Words   |  8 Pagesconcept for my father and Hora. It stood for a settled disposition for which it was possible rightly to admire someone... Honesty, loyalty, courage, charity (taken as a preparedness to help others in need) and a capacity for hard work were the virtues most prized by the men and women I knew then. Romulus believes that life is short and full of suffering: 121: His sense of life is beautifully expressed in the ‘Prayer for the Dead’: ‘Man that is born of woman hath but a short time to live andRead MoreWhat Affects Our Self Concept?4497 Words   |  18 Pagestruth, it is our perception. So with this self-concept of altruism if I were to walk down the street and see a homeless family begging for change and not give them any money this may cause me to reflect on my self-concept and feel guilty. This is when most people will justify their way around their hypocritical behavior, maybe I could say I was in a hurry, or I already donate to charity, or they got themselves there because they are lazy. None of that actually has anything to do with my self-conceptRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 PagesInvisible government, in the shape of rudimentary political parties, arose almost overnight. Ever since then we have agreed, for the sake of simplicity and practicality, that party machines should narr ow down the field of choice to two candidates, or at most three or four. In theory, every citizen makes up his mind on public questions and matters of private conduct. In practice, if all men had to study for themselves the abstruse economic, political, and ethical data involved 10 Organizing Chaos Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesthe Introduction. Based on the positive feedback we’ve received from teachers and students we can state with confidence that the form of active learning pioneered in this book is a proven pedagogy for management skill mastery. 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Diatomite Essay Example For Students

Diatomite Essay DIATOMITEDiatomite is a sedimentary rock, that is white and yellowish incolor. It is composed of fossilized skeletons of one-celled algae-likeplants called diatoms. It is accumulated in marine areas. TheHoneycomb sillia structure is useful because of its high absorptivecapacity and surface area. It is also very chemically stable. Itsprincipal use is filtration. This substance of diatomite is extracted from many countriesaround the world. Out of 30 world countries the largest suppliers arethe United States, China, Denmark, and Japan. China supplies about350 thousand metric tons, Denmark extracts 375 thousand metrictons, and Japan, 190 thousand metric tons. About 725 thousandmetric tons of diatomite are extracted from the US Worldwide about2,150 thousand metric tons are removed from the earth. This product consists of approximately 90 percent silica, and theremainder consists of compounds such as aluminum and iron oxides. The material is extracted by a dredging barge cuts sediment withrotating knives, mixes it with water and pumps it along a suspendedpipeline to the shore. Because diatomite is made from a skeletalstructure of diatoms, it isnt made of chemicals that need to beextracted. It is highly unreactive to other chemicals. It also has alow thermal conductivity rate and a high fusion point. Most diatomite mines are open pit mines because the depositsare usually at or near the surface. Open pit mines are especially hardon the environment because they are very large holes in the ground. Diatomite is also mined when geologic uplifting brings these depositsabove sea level. The diatomite is easily mined this way, however,being in marine areas, pollution in the water is a big concern. Through the use of many mining machines, the waters can be easilypolluted. The method of dredging to cut away at the sediment doesnot seem like it would be as environmentally friendly as well. Asidefrom the mining having impact on the actual land, diatomite mininghas impacts on birds in surrounding areas. Many birds show atendency to avoid dredging areas. Besides factors of noise andpollution and general unpleasantness of machines, birds also rely onanimals in shallow water for food where dredging has occurred. Currently there are no recycling methods for diatomite. Theeventual replacement of di atomite filters with membrane types maybe speeded by legislation regarding waste disposal, which would makethe option of dumping diatomite cake in landfill sites more expensiveor even prohibited. One environmental specification of color is put ondiatomite, because it is a calcine product. It has to be of a lightwhitish color or it is not available to be mined. This helpsenvironmentally because the color determines a standard for whatcompanies can and cannot mine. I think one way for lessening the impact on the environment,would be to work harder at developing recycling methods fordiatomite cake. If recycling could be put into use not as muchdiatomite would need to be mined. To excavate diatomite, differentcombinations of rippers, dozers, scrapers, front-end loaders, powershovels, and dump trucks are used. Underground mining is not toouncommon outside the United States. Usually, room-and-pillarmethods are used, often with equipment similar to that used in openpits; in the smallest mines, hand tools are used. Dredging is used torecover diatomaceous mud from the bottom of lakes. Since all thesemethods are used in excavation, I think the best idea would be tochoose the method with the least impact environmentally. Sixty four percent of the diatomite mined is used in filtration. Fourteen percent is used for absorbents, and twelve percent used infillers. While two percent used for insulation, and eight percent usedin other ways. Diatomite is principally used in filtration of variousalcoholic beverages, sugar, oil, organic and inorganic chemicals, andwater. .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .postImageUrl , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:hover , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:visited , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:active { border:0!important; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:active , .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858 .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u29d73bd52e14eca7af8c8122d0b6d858:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Managing The Managers EssayMany materials can be substituted for diatomite. Expandedperlite and silica sand compete for filtration purposes. Other filtrationtechnologies use ceramic, polymeric, or carbon membrane. Alternatefiller materials include talc, ground silica sand, ground mica, clay,perlite, vermiculite, and ground limestone. For thermal insulationmaterials such as various clays and special brick, mineral wool,expanded perlite, and exfoliated vermiculite can be used. Conservation would mostly be attained through finding ways torecycle or more efficiently using the cake, or using substitutes for thematerial. Diatomite is an excellent filtering material for many things. Most commonly used in beverages, fruit juices, soft drinks, beer, andwine. It is used in chemicals like sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, andgold salts. Filtration of cooking oils, vegetable and animal, andsugars, cane, beet, and corn,

Derivatives and Risk Management Delta Risk and Reward

Question: 1. Calculate the delta hedge updates, adjustments and forward contract valuations in Appendix 2. 2. Do you think Scout Finch would view delta hedging as more or less risky for Dayton than an ordinary forward contract or purchased option hedge? Justify your answer with reference to literature. 3. How would you respond to the accusation that delta hedging is very subjective in its approach to viewing both the direction of an exchange rate movement and the proportion of hedge cover? Discuss with reference to literature. 4. If you were Scout Finch, what recommendation on the use of delta hedging would you make to your CFO? Justify your recommendation.? Answer: 1. Delta hedge updates, adjustments and forward contract valuations As per the case the data related for the scenario 4 is as follows. Exhibit 1: Inputs Inputs Spot Price in $/euro 1.3309 Strike price $/euro 1.3350 volatility (annualized) in percentages 10 domestic interest rate (annualized) 3.30 foreign interest rate (annualized) 2.00 time to maturity in days 92 Put option value $/euro 0.0265 Calculation for the value of Delta as a put option Here delta is calculated using the formula Here d1 is as follows: S0: Spot price. X: Strike price. r: domestic price. q: foreign exchange rate. Sigma: annualized volatility. t: time to maturity in years. The formula for Delta calculation is as illustrated by Jorion, (2009) in Financial Risk Manager Handbook. The seed/initial value of delta using the above formula is (-0.4859). The delta for a put is negative. Using the seed value of delta, proportionate hedging is done with forward contracts, while remaining part of portfolio is kept uncovered. Using the new spot price and time to maturity at 86 days, the delta value is recalculated and portfolio hedging recalibrated. The process of updating in continued every week till maturity. Exhibit 2 lists the deltas with forward contracts at different updates of delta. 2: Daytons Delta Hedging updates US Dollar /Euro Spring 2005 Update number Number of Days to maturity Spot Rate Delta Optimal hedge Hedge adjustments Remaining uncovered Sold or bought Forward Forward rate Forward proceeds. 1 92 1.3309 -0.4859 -485900 0 514100 -485900 1.3353 648822.27 2 86 1.2956 -0.6986 -698600 -212700 301400 -212700 1.2996 276424.92 3 78 1.2893 -0.7455 -745500 -46900 254500 -46900 1.2929 60637.01 4 71 1.2908 -0.7501 -750100 -4600 249900 -4600 1.2941 5952.86 5 64 1.2926 -0.754 -754000 -3900 246000 -3900 1.2956 5052.84 6 57 1.3068 -0.6784 -678400 75600 321600 75600 1.3095 -98998.2 7 50 1.2919 -0.7917 -791700 -113300 208300 -113300 1.2942 146632.86 8 43 1.2834 -0.8594 -859400 -67700 140600 -67700 1.2854 87021.58 9 36 1.2643 -0.9513 -951300 -91900 48700 -91900 1.2659 116336.21 10 29 1.2555 -0.9817 -981700 -30400 18300 -30400 1.2568 38206.72 11 22 1.2568 -0.9909 -990900 -9200 9100 -9200 1.2578 11571.76 12 15 1.2227 -0.9992 -999200 -8300 800 -8300 1.2234 10154.22 13 8 1.2128 -0.9996 -999600 -400 400 -400 1.2132 485.28 14 1 1.2239 -0.9999 -999900 -300 100 -300 1.2239 367.17 15 0 1.2200 Using the value of covered and uncovered proceeds from exhibit 2, we get the delta hedge results as in Exhibit 3. Exhibit 3: Hedge results Delta hedge results Net Proceeds from forwards 1308668 Proceeds from uncovered 122 Total dollar Proceeds 1308790 Using the forward contract as reference the performance for the 4 strategies are listed in Exhibit 4: Exhibit 4: Comparison if different strategies Hedging Alternatives Comparison with Simple full forward covered Remained uncovered 1220000 -115300 Forward covered 1335300 0 Put Option Cover 1308500 -26800 Delta Hedge 1308789.5 -26510.5 Performance results of different strategies for Dayton manufacturing: Exhibit 5: Potential Dollar movement scenarios and performance: Dollar Stable Dollar Strong Dollar Strong Dollar Strong Strike Rate 1.75 1.75 1.9 1.335 Volatility 5.06 5.06 10 10 Domestic interest rates 6 6 3.30 3.30 Foreign Interest rates 8 8 4 2 Forward Rate Range 1.754 1.7612 1.754 1.7371 1.905 1.8286 1.3353 1.2239 Spot Rate Range 1.764 1.7618 1.764 1.735 1.9111 1.8311 1.3309 1.22 Remained uncovered 1761800 2792 1735000 -10522 1831100 -41577 1220000 -88789.5 Forward covered 1754000 -5008 1754000 8478 1904960 32283 1335300 26510.5 Put Option Cover 1734625 -24383 1734635 -10887 1863818 -8859 1308500 -289.5 Delta Hedge 1759008 0.00 1745522 0.00 1872677 0.00 1308790 0.00 Assumption: Delta hedge is reference for all the calculations. The above exhibit compares the performance of the 4 strategies. The green cells indicates the strategy performed better than delta hedging , while red indicates, that strategy performed bad with respect to delta hedging. The outcome is based on the 4 scenarios given in the case. Case1: Dollar to pound stable exchange rates In case of Stable dollar with respect to pound or euro, the forward contract loses money as entire portfolio was 100% forward hedged at forward rates at the starting of the period, and benefits of weaker dollar during the term of contract could not be taken. Second for Put option a hefty sum is to be given as option price as discussed by John H, (2013), hence the strategy looses the highest in this case. Here the value of portfolio at the end of term for delta hedging is the closest to the spot rate at the time of opening that is why hedging is done, to have minimum uncertainty with respect to current positions as discussed by Longo J (2009). For uncovered strategy for stable dollar, the exchange rate moves around a predefined pegged value only. Thus uncovered strategy makes the profit, but there is no certainty to this case and strategy may lose a lot of money too. Case2: Dollar to pound and euro exchange rates going weak (Dollar strong) For scenario 2 in the case study the dollar to pound and dollar to euro for scenario 4 the exchange rates are going weaker, this means that dollar is going strong and Dayton loses money in this scenario. Taking a full forward position is the best strategy for such predicted strong dollar case. Delta hedge being a modified version of Forward hedge looses little money in this case. While the put option and uncovered strategy looses the maximum amount in this scenario. 3. Dilemma of Increase in Risk in Delta Hedging for Dayton Manufacturing: The 4 strategies are compared on the basis of their rankings in 4 different scenarios given in the case. As can be seen, the Delta hedge strategy was the second best performer for all the cases. Other strategies have worked with varied level of performance for different scenarios. Exhibit 6: Rank wise comparison of the 4 strategies: Scenario 1/ Dollar stable Scenario 2/ Dollar Strong Scenario 3/ Dollar strong Scenario 4/ Dollar Strong Remained uncovered 1 4 4 4 Forward covered 3 1 1 1 Put Option Cover 4 3 3 3 Delta Hedge 2 2 2 2 Justification in favor of delta: The Scenarios that the case discussed, in that 3 out of 4 scenarios were showing a dollar strengthening trend, and for that case, forwards cover is always a very good strategy for an exporter in U.S. , to get money in foreign currency. Delta strategy does not perform that well, to increase its performance, the number of updates needs to be increased. Delta hedging a special case of forward contract: As per Giovanni B (June 1987), forward contract is a linear hedging technique with underlying moving in almost a linear fashion. This technique is used in delta hedging. Delta hedging finds an optimal delta value making portfolio risk free, and the part of the portfolio equivalent to the delta proportion, has to be hedged using forward contract. Delta used here is the same delta used in black Scholes model to make the portfolio risk free. Thus it can be said that Delta hedging is a special case of forward contract hedging technique. More updates required for increasing the performance: Delta needs to be updated, as the spot rates - the underlying, changes. For new value of spot rate, the portfolio is no longer a risk free and hence a new value of the delta needs to be found. Portfolio needs to be aligned with covered and uncovered parts using new delta values. With increase in the number of the updates the performance of the portfolio improves, and in fully dynamically updated delta hedging, the portfolio delta is changed many times in a day. As discussed by Rajiv S. (2014) a dynamically updated delta hedging produces the best result. Hedging cost is reduced: Hedging comes with a cost, as premium is to be paid for hedging. Now for full forward contract and Put option, an upfront price is to be paid for hedging 100% of the portfolio. While in case of Delta hedging every time only part of portfolio is hedged that makes the portfolio risk free. This makes the hedging cost to minimum. Flexibility in management of portfolio: During the course of entire period, the hedgers have full flexibility in updating and reorienting the portfolio and change what part of the portfolio needs to be hedged through forward contract. The loss in this strategy in some of the cases for delta hedging is worth for the level of flexibility the strategy provides. Conclusion: For exchange rate taking a random walk with no fixed direction of movement, the delta hedging is the best strategy. When the number of updates is increased the performance of the delta hedging improves. Delta hedging makes the portfolio independent of the movement of spot price, thus the volatility in the spot price only matters for deciding the portfolio performance. Delta hedge is subjective in its movement for changes in exchange rates in either direction and same is true for hedged covered. Delta hedging uses forward contract as the underlying hedging technique. The delta value controls the portfolio to be kept under forward cover. To compare the delta movements on either side changes in underlying spot exchange rate, let us consider the graph, which plots the put delta values against the underlying price. Figure 1: Put Delta values Vs underlying Price. For either side changes in exchange rate the curve is a symmetric, the value of delta changing the most in the middle and saturates at either ends. The curve is taken from Dynamic Hedging. (2015) from riskencyclopedia.com. The curve shows that, the delta moves equally for either side changes in exchange rate. Delta hedging uses these values of Delta for reorienting the delta and hence delta hedging is symmetric for either side changes in Exchange rates or portfolio under hedge cover is also symmetric for either side changes in spot exchange rate. Thus it is clear that delta hedging is not subjective to either side movements in spot exchange rates. On observing the delta movements with change in the spot rates, sometimes it seems that delta moves more in one direction with change in the spot rate, while changes very little or do not change at all with opposite movement in spot exchange rate. The reason for this one side movement is, Delta is a function of spot exchange rate, time and underlying volatility also. So, Delta tends to move in one direction as time to maturity decreases, towards -1 in case of dollar getting stronger and 0 in stable dollar case. The movement by time curtails the movement of delta in opposite direction due to exchange rate moving in opposite direction. Thus it can be said that delta hedging moves symmetrically on both the sides with either side movements in exchange rates. 4. Strategic Recommendations to CFO of Dayton manufacturing: A scenario based hedging strategy needs to be followed to achieve the best results for Dayton manufacturing. The 3 strategies for different kind of movements of underlying spot rate is as follows. Dollar/Euro and Dollar/Pound rates falling (Dollar getting stronger): For an exporting firm like Dayton manufacturing with large part of receivables in foreign currency, should use a full covered forward contract, whenever it is predicted that dollar is going to get stronger. Banks (2006) suggests that whenever the macroeconomic parameters like interest rate differential between domestic and foreign interest rates etc indicates that domestic currency is going to be stronger; a fully covered forward contract works the best. The 100% hedged portfolio using forward contract clips the loss to the forward rate at the time of the signing the contract. As the spot rate is bound to fall further, this strategy pays the best in such cases. Bounded Random movement of exchange rate around a pegged value: When exchange rates are stable with small random movements around a pegged value, delta hedging technique provides the best result. The portfolio is hedged in such a way that makes it risk free every time. Frequent updates are done to re align the portfolio making it risk free. With increased number of updates the, the performance of the portfolio improves. Moreover, Delta hedging makes the portfolio independent of the underlying spot rate, as with delta hedging the portfolio is made risk free. But the volatility in spot rates decides how fast the delta needs to be changed. So Delta hedging becomes a function of volatility of underlying spot rate. As discussed by Antonio C. (2009) higher the value of volatility of spot rate, faster and larger is the movement of the spot rate and more delta updates are required. An option Greek called Vega helps to monitor, how frequent delta changes need to be made. Dollar /Euro and dollar/Pound rate increasing (Dollar getting weaker): Whenever the macroeconomic parameters show that dollar is going to be weak with respect to the currency of inflow, than it is most advisable to keep the portfolio fully uncovered. In this weak dollar case, all the exchange rates movements is going to be beneficial for Dayton, with larger dollar income every time. Thus Dayton manufacturing should use all the strategies. References: Suma John. (2015) Options Greeks: Delta Risk and Reward. [Online] Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/university/option-greeks/greeks2.asp [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. Rajiv S. (2014). Derivatives and risk management. New Delhi: OUP India. Alok D, Surendra Y, P.K. Jain. (2012). Derivative Markets in India: Trading, Pricing, and Risk. India: McGraw Hill Education. Jorion, Philippe (2009).Financial Risk Manager Handbook(5 ed.). John Wiley and Sons. Greeks/delta. (2015) Option Delta. [Online] Available from: https://www.optiontradingtips.com/greeks/delta.html [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. Derivative pricing. (2015) Currency options pricing explained. [Online] Available from: https://www.derivativepricing.com/blogpage.asp?id=22 [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. John H, Sankarshan B. (2013). Options, Futures and other Derivatives. India: Pearson. Dynamic Hedging. (2015) Dynamic Hedging. [Online] Available from: https://www.riskencyclopedia.com/articles/dynamic_hedging/ [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. Longo J, Cfa. (2009). Hedge Fund Alpha: A Framework for Generating and Understanding Investment Performance. World Scientific Publishing Company. Antonio C. (2009). FX Options and Smile Risk (The Wiley Finance Series). John Wiley Sons. Derivative pricing. (2015) Currency options pricing explained. [Online] Available from: https://www.derivativepricing.com/blogpage.asp?id=22 [Accessed: 7th June 2015]. Jorion, Philippe (2009).Financial Risk Manager Handbook(5 ed.). John Wiley and Sons. Giovanni B, Robert E.W. (June 1987).Efficient analytic approximation of American option values.Journal of Finance42(2) Alok D, Surendra Y, P.K. Jain. (2012). Derivative Markets in India: Trading, Pricing, and Risk. India: McGraw Hill Education. Banks, Erik, Siegel, Paul (2006). The options applications handbook: hedging and speculating techniques for professional investors. McGraw-Hill Professional

Using Student Essay Questions

Using Student Essay QuestionsSample Ctel essay questions are a great way to help you hone your skills with regard to writing academic papers. In fact, the more advanced the level of skills and the more proficient you become in writing academic papers, the more questions you'll be asked for your paper.In addition to samples of these sample Ctel essay questions, you can also find online forums where you can meet and discuss with other students who are working on their papers. This is a good way to become acquainted with some of the latest techniques and approaches for writing essays. You can also learn a lot by asking other students how they're doing.Now that you've found an essay question sample, you have to make sure that you're comfortable with the format of the questions. This can be tricky because, unfortunately, you may not have too much experience with this. The trick is to know what to expect in the format. If the questions are too difficult, then it's probably better to write a different essay question.There are various online forums online that you can join. Most of these are geared towards discussing the tips and tricks for writing academic papers. You can also look up the type of questions that you're being asked to write in the past and see what sorts of questions have been presented.Some other helpful sites are the Computer Sciences Teacher's Group (CSTG) and College Writing Forum (CWF). These are great places to ask questions about the topics of Ctel, writing academic papers, and how to best approach these questions. These will help you determine what sorts of questions you may be asked. They're also good places to meet other students who are writing Ctel essays.When you're writing a Ctel essay, you should keep in mind that your goal is to get your essay completed within a certain time frame. To help you with this, you should identify the main issues that you want to deal with in your essay. These should be similar to those that you would use for a n entire paper. To create a good outline, brainstorm as many ideas as possible so that you can apply your different skills to these ideas.As you can see, these sample Ctel essay questions are an effective way to get a feel for what questions you may be asked for your paper. Also, you'll find that you'll be able to answer the questions more effectively if you spend time going over your paper. After you finish writing your paper, you'll definitely want to take it to the next level and edit it, or revamp it entirely.

Aviation Strategy

Executive Summary The Boeing and Airbus Companies are the world’s largest manufacturers of commercial and military jetliners. The companies date back to 1916 and 1969 respectively. Boeing being in operations for a long time had experienced a long period of monopoly in the manufacture of large commercial jetliners. To deal with this monopoly, Airbus came up with a plan to introduce one of the largest airplanes, Airbus A380 in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Aviation Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The introduction of this airplane came at a time when Boeing introduced Boeing 787. The companies in their attempts to outdo each other used different strategies of flight with Boeing adopting point-to-point strategy while Airbus adopted hub-to-hub strategy. The disparities in strategies made Boeing Company more successful than Airbus Company due to efficiency and reliability of its s trategy and the size of Boeing 787 that would be accommodated in most of the airports. To react to this, Airbus introduced Airbus A350 model that had a medium size almost equal to that of Boeing 787 with the aim of helping the company to adopt the point-to-point strategy as subsidiary of hub-to-hub. Boeing then reacted to Airbus move by introducing Boeing 787-8 model. The paper seeks account for the difference in the visions, analyse competition between the two companies, give an analysis of the current situation, and forecast the future trends of the two companies. Introduction The Boeing Company was founded by William Boeing in 1916 in Seattle, Washington. It is an American Multinational aerospace dealing with manufacture of commercial jetliners as well as military aircraft (Yenne 2005). To date the company is ranked one of the World’s leading aerospace and the largest jetliner and military aircraft manufacturer. The company designs and manufactures electronic, rotorcraft, defence systems, launch vehicles, satellites, missiles, advanced information, and communication systems (Yenne, 2005). The company being a service provider to NASA operates international space and space shuttle stations. In addition, the company provides numerous commercial and military airline support services (Yenne 2005). The company has a market of its products and support services in 150 countries all over the world. The company being a leader in aerospace and innovation aims at meeting the emerging customer needs in products and support services. This is done through gathering information about the customers’ tastes and preferences according to their current needs as well as market demand.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company range of capability includes creation of new products, integration of military platforms, creation of more efficient membe rs of their commercial airline family, integration of war fighter and defence systems through the use of centric- network operations and creation of advanced technology solutions aimed at reaching all the business units (Yenne 2005). The company employs approximately 165,000 people in US and over 70 other countries who are motivated for high productivity in their duties. The company has an amazing culture that mirrors the heritage of aviation through aspiration, imagination, and innovation. The company holds to its vision statement of â€Å"people working together as a global enterprise for aerospace leadership† (Boeing Website). To achieve the vision, the company aims at running healthy core business, opening of new frontiers and transformation of the company strengths into new products and services. The company further achieves its vision through a detailed research on customer knowledge that gives a basis to understanding, anticipation and response to the customer needs. T he company also has co-values that act as guidelines in helping the company to become what it would like to be. These co-values include leadership, integrity, quality, customer satisfaction, people working together, good corporate citizenship, enhancing shareholders value and a diverse and involved team (Yenne 2005). The company follows the values, which make it meet its goals or objectives as well as making the employees working environment habitable. Since its foundation, the companies have managed to manufacture different types of products and services in the commercial and military fields. On the other hand, Airbus founded on May 29, 1969, Jean Chamant and Karl Schiller deals with the manufacture of military airlifters and commercial jetliners. The company has its headquarters in Toulouse France and other places in Germany, Netherlands, and United Kingdom (Christian 2011). The company has sixteen sites in the four European countries. Airbus company major concern is the use of te chnology and innovation in the production of airlines that are environmental friendly and co-efficient in business enterprise (Christian 2011). â€Å"The company builds on its proven record for eco-awareness and innovation, along with the research of alternative energy source and a strong environmental management systems to outline and organize the company’s efforts† (Airbus Website).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Aviation Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With this objective in mind, the company has made great contributions to the aviation industry in its 40 years of operation. To measure its progress towards its goal, the company has developed a strategy that focuses on seven Ps- products, plants, profits, process, perception and procurement with each P having its measuring criteria (Christian 2011). The company like Boeing Company also uses its innovation in design, manufactur ing, operations and fleet support. In addition, the company offers support services such as engineering and maintenance, e-solutions, training, upgrades and Material, logistics and suppliers’ services (Christian 2011). Further, the company offers flight hour services through specialized solutions. The company has over 290 customer representatives situated around the 150 countries that the airline serves. On culture, the company thrives on the mix of ideas, knowledge and vision. The company enjoys a diversity of employees, expertise and special experience from over 80 countries represented by over 54,000 employees. The company emphasizes and encourages its employees to be innovative, creative and develop individual talents that would help in realization of the company’s heritage (Christian 2011). The company further believes in career growth that allows employees not only to move from one position to the other but also to relocate to other countries. The company takes p ride of the diversity of employee and the increased number of women employees who take responsibilities believed to be for men. In products and services, Airbus has managed to offer a wide range of products and support services to both commercial and military fields. With the background that includes the visions of the two companies, the paper seeks account for the difference in the visions, analyse the events of competition between the two companies, give an analysis of the current situation, and forecast the future trends of the two companies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Visions and Strategies The two companies as observed in the introduction that gave the companies background have difference in visions. Boeing airline vision is â€Å"people working together as a global enterprise for aerospace leadership† while that of Airbus is the production of aerospace that are eco-efficient and environmentally friendly. The difference in the visions makes the two companies have disparities in their operation. Boeing visions aims at achieving the best from its operations by uniting the people working all over the world to have a leadership in the aerospace. Its objectives are to ensure that all the global aerospace employees work together to achieve the best in all fields. It further emphasises on its vision with its profound values that calls for it to be the excellent leader in all business aspects. This is set to ensure that the company leads as an example so that all the other business enterprises can follow its trends. Further, the vision leads the company to the production of quality airplanes, ensuring customer satisfaction, practice of the highest ethical standards and valuation of the team skills, strengths and perspectives. These values enhance the company’s growth as they help in ensuring that it has offered the right services to the customers. The company thus focuses on customer needs more than any other concern that helps to attract more customers. On the other hand, Airbus company vision is on ensuring that their airline productions are eco-efficient and environmental friendly. The major concern of this company is to ensure that they meet the business requirements by ensuring they manufacture airlines that are eco-efficient and give the business the advantage of realising great profit margins. In addition, the company focuses on the seven Ps in its manufacturing. The evaluation and measurement of these seven Ps help the company in evaluating its capabilities in meeting its objectives. This difference between t he visions may have helped Boeing in its success than Airbus. According to the analysis, it is evident that Boeing airline has more concern of the customer needs than Airbus Company. In any business enterprise, an enterprise that focuses more on the customers’ needs usually has a competitive advantage over its competitors (Mahoney 2005). Likewise, the success of Boeing airline would have been due to its greater concerns of the customers’ needs than in the case of Airbus Company. In the analysis of the strategies used by the two companies, Boeing point-to-point flight refers to means of flight where the travellers do not change their planes during their travels (Hill 2000). In addition, point-to-point flight may refer to a nonstop flight from place of origin to the destination. The connection of secondary towns by Boeing airline means that the passengers would take flights from their point of origin to their point of destination non-stop or else without change of planes . The hub-to-hub strategy used by Airbus Company involves the change of plane or routes to take the passengers to their destination (Mahoney 2005). The strategy is usually applicable in airports that do not have direct route connectivity. The passengers may change the plane, or even the route to their destination. The two strategies are very different as point-to-point strategy creates a direct connection between the place of origin and the destination while hub-to-hub uses airline hubs in connecting the place of origin, and the passenger intended destination. Point-to-point flight strategy allows connections to multiple destinations. This ensures that passengers travelling from one destination to the other use less time as they do not have to use a hub to connect to their destination (Hitt, Hoskisson Ireland 2009). The strategy saves time as compared to hub-to-hub strategy. The strategy is also cost effective as it reduces the cost of flight expenses due to reduced distances. The direct connection between the cities shortens the distance travelled. This makes the costs incurred in fuelling and other flight expenses to reduce and that consequently reduce the flight charges. The other advantage of the strategy is that it is reliable and efficient to the passengers as it gives them the assurance of reaching their destination without change of planes or travel companies (Hitt, Hoskisson Ireland 2009). The strategy also offers the passengers comfort during their travel. The shortening of the travel distances reduces the time spent on the flight that consequently reduces tiredness, which makes the passengers to be comfortable during their travel. Point-to-point strategy also helps in reducing congestion in the airports that act as airline hubs through the provision of opportunities by the strategy to bypass the hubs. This further makes the airline hubs to run effectively. Point-to-point services also give the passengers convenient schedule choices as they do not depend on the times allocated for the plane connection as in the hub-to-hub strategy. On the other hand, the method has a draw back in that it is less efficient especially between routes with few passengers (Hitt, Hoskisson Ireland 2009). This causes most of airlines to find it difficult in its application. Further, this causes the strategy to be only applicable to small and medium-sized airplanes. Hub-to-hub strategy has its pros where the method is efficient for the routes with few passengers. The airlines are able to connect and interchange the passengers, which makes the airlines using this strategy to have enough passengers for their trips (Mahoney 2005). The method is thus applicable for large airplanes. This ensures that airlines reduce the cost of flight expenses thus becoming more economical. However, the strategy has cons in that it is time consuming. The use of hubs makes the distance travelled by the planes longer as they have to stop at different destinations (Koontz Weihrich 2010). In addition, the change of planes and routes also consume a lot of time thus making the strategy inefficient. The strategy is tiresome due to long hour travels that make it unreliable. The strategy is also expensive as the costs incurred by the plane such as fuels cost are huge and affect the flight charges (Grant 2005). The strategy is also unreliable as the use of airline hubs may cause delays in case of an emergency or climatic changes at the hub point. This makes the passengers change their arrival times or even days depending on the impact of the effects. With the knowledge of the pros and cons of the two strategies it is easier to analyse them and find out what worked for Boeing that made it successful than Airbus. The use of point-to-point by Boeing Company exposed most of the customers or passengers to the advantages of using the method. The customers considered the efficiency of the strategy, reliability, cost and time consumption. The method being more effi cient, more reliable and less time consuming attracted most passengers. Similarly, passengers considered the comfort of the flights that made majority to choose Boeing rather than Airbus. This advantage gave Boeing Company a competitive advantage over Airbus Company. Analysis of Events since the Launch of Boeing 787 and Airbus A380 The launch of these models increased the competition between the two companies due to the intention of the two companies to prove their strengths. The main intention of Airbus realising Airbus A380 was to challenge the Boeing in the monopoly of manufacturing large-aircraft. Airbus intensified its move to ensure that it challenges Boeing in the large-aircraft market. The Airbus A380 a double-deck airliner with a capacity of over 500 passengers brought competition in the air market, as it could carry many passengers at once. In addition, the airliner, which is the largest in the world, could fly a distance of 15,400 kilometres that increased the competition as it could use the point-to-point strategy. The capacity of A380 supports the intention of Airbus to use hub-to-hub strategy, as it could not have accommodated the point-to-point strategy. In addition, the A380 airline only landed in large airports or otherwise the airports had to improve or modify their facilities in order to accommodate the airliner. This hit the Airbus operation in most of the minor airports thus less success in its strategy. On the other hand, the release of Boeing 787 that had a capacity of about 210 to 290 passengers increased competition. The aircraft was of moderate size that would allow the company to use its strategy. Similarly, the aircrafts had the ability to fly for long distances without stopping and this made it possible to adopt the strategy effectively. The use of these two models led to stiff competition in the air market with Boeing concentrating on both minor and major airports while Airbus only concentrated on major airports. The difference of airports and route concentration made Boeing to have a competitive advantage over its competitor as its plane model could be accommodated in many airports. The two companies also produced fuel-efficient airplanes that made both companies to be more competitive. After Airbus realisation of the challenges facing it in the market due to the large size of the A380 model, it introduced another model to A350 that was extremely small compared to A380. The new model had a capacity of 270-350 passengers that was mainly meant to compete with Boeing 787. To react to the introduction of Airbus A350, Boeing introduced Boeing 787-8 that had a capacity of 210-330 passengers depending on various classes. This further intensified the competition between the two companies. Airbus changed the strategy and started incorporating the point-to-point strategy by the use of A350. This has caused a great challenge to Boeing Company as the Airbus has both large economical airlines as well as medium sized air lines that can operate in both strategies. The situation has even become worse due to the shift in the sales in the air industries. In the recent years, Airbus has made a great come back due to the introduction of A350 model that is easier to accommodate in many airports. The events of the introduction of the models by the companies have been characterized by competition between two companies in their attempt to attract more customers. Similarly, the competition has led to improvement in the quality of the airlines manufactured, the use of technology and the comfort of the passengers during the flights. In addition, there are better flight charges as every company attempts to have the competitive advantage. The two companies have therefore competed as they try to prove their superiority and strengths over each other. Analysis of the Current Situation Market: Recently, the major competition in the aerospace industry is between Boeing and Airbus (Christian 2011). This is due to its ad vancement in the aerospace as a result of high level of technology and innovation. The two companies compete in both the manufacture of commercial and military aircrafts as well as in the production of support services to various aviation industries. In the recent years, Airbus has been more competitive in the market due to its stability attained through the expansion of its operation sites in most of the nations. In addition, the company market expansion is boosted by its operation in the best world and European economically developed countries. The economic stabilities in Germany, France, England and Netherlands make Airbus company to have an advantage in its operations. This has further helped in opening markets for the company products in the European Union. On the other hand, Boeing has been the leading company in the United States. The company enjoys most of its market from the American nations where the company is well established. Market size: currently, Airbus holds a half of the aerospace market due to its improvement in products that are both environmental and economically friendly to the users. Similarly, in its operation in the airline industry, the company has adopted a two-way strategy to ensure they take the full competitive advantage. The company applies both the point-to-point and hub-to-hub strategies that were made possible due to the introduction of Airbus A380 and A350. The company uses A380 in hub-to-hub strategy and Airbus A350 for point-to-point strategy. This has helped the company to dominate the market that led to its tremendous market growth. On the other hand, Boeing holds one third of the total aerospace market. The company’s use of one strategy has given Airbus Company the advantage to penetrate most of the markets. Boeing Company has been able to capture this market due to its high quality airplanes and efficient services that it offers. The company’s concern of meeting its customer needs has helped in ensuring th at the customers are loyal. SWOT analysis: the SWOT analysis gives an evaluation of companies in reference to their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (Aaker McLaughlin 2010). The strengths analysis evaluates what a company has managed to do better than its competitor and the achievements it has made in meetings its goals, objectives and vision. The weaknesses evaluate where the competitors are doing better and the challenges faced by the company (Grant 2005). In opportunities analysis, the company evaluates the unexploited business venture such as markets, technology and the trade rule that would control its business operations. The threats analysis evaluates the external factors that would affect the operations of the company (Aaker McLaughlin 2010). Boeing Company current strengths include its ability to hold to its vision as it has offered its leadership in the aerospace field. The high rise of Airbus Company is attributed much to the existence of Boeing Company through its stiff competition experienced between these companies that have led to its extensive growth. The company has also managed to use improved technology and innovation in the manufacture of high quality airplanes as its values dictate, which has helped the company to market its products. Boeing Company has managed to offer better prices to the customers compared to Airbus Company. This has made the company to improve its market size. On Airbus Company, the company has been able to utilise its employees to innovate and use high technology in the improvement of its airplanes. The company has also managed to respond effectively and with right decisions to the competition from Boeing Company, which has led to a vast and tremendous growth in its market (Hill 2000). Airbus has also managed to hold to its vision of the production of eco-efficient airplanes both in environment and economic. This together with the high quality of its airplanes has made the company’s market exp and more than for Boeing Company. It has also managed to invest in different countries in the world that has led to development of good relationship with the company that eventually has resulted into market expansion (Hill 2000). The two companies also have the strength of managing to have a diversity of employees from different countries thus increasing the level of their technology, innovation and creativity. In weaknesses, Boeing Company has not managed to counter competition from Airbus. After the introduction of Airbus A350, Boeing market growth has been stagnant while that of Airbus grows every day. Further, Boeing Company has been unable to handle the economic inflation in the United States, which has affected its operations in the last few years. The company has further been exposed to internal employee crisis with most of its expertise shifting from the company. Airbus on the other hand has a weakness in that its prices of the airlines are generally high as compared to Boei ng airplanes. This has given Boeing an advantage to do well in the market. On the opportunities, both companies have exposure to several opportunities. The two companies been in a position to overspecialize gives them high potential of business ventures. The two engage in manufacture of airplanes, and provision of support services. This gives the two companies the ability to expand their business activities globally. The expansion to other parts of the world is even possible due to globalization that reduces the cost incurred in trade (Grant 2005). In addition, globalization of labour put the companies in a better position as they can easily hire expertise from any part of the world (Hill 2000). The two companies also enjoy the economies of scale due to production in bulk (Hill 2000). According to the market trend, the companies have increased demand every year that makes them to have a chance to produce in large quantities. With the advanced technology, the two companies have oppor tunities for more ventures through maximum use of innovative means. The companies should concentrate on the advancement in technology to manufacture airlines that use other sources of energy other than fuel. On threats, the two companies expose each other due to their extensive competition. Similarly, the two companies being the major competitors challenge each other in terms of labour. Recently, Boeing Company has experienced expertise shift, with potential destination being Airbus Company. The companies have exposure to risks associated with economic inflation and has also been the case with Boeing Company. The rate of inflation causes the companies to incur high cost of production that lead to high product prices that consequently decrease the sales and profits. Product analysis: The two companies deal with different types of products. The companies believe in innovation that acts as a boost to their quest for new products. Competition has led to the introduction of more products in the market by the companies. The latest of the airplanes in the market are the Airbus A350 family and Boeing 787 family that are fuel economical and travel for long distances without stops. In addition, the companies have many support services in the airline and aerospace fields. Forecast of the Future Trend According to the trends experienced in the past between the two companies, the companies remain as the world largest aerospace manufacturer because there are no other major manufacturers to compete with. With the advancement of technology and the increase in the rate of innovation and creativity accompanied with the competition between the two companies, they stand at a point of transforming the aerospace and airline field. The companies’ focus on innovation will help them to manufacture more complicated airplanes that are user friendly thus reducing the challenges in the air travel sector. However, the companies have exposure to the economic changes in the globe that may affect their operations. Recommendations Competition between the two companies helps in the advancement of the aerospace and airline industry. The companies should focus on challenging each other in the manufacture as well as in the airline industry but ensure that they do not expose each other to risks. The two companies being the main competitors should not view each other as a threat but should work together through innovative programs and technology advancement researches that would help them to experience more growth in their field. This will consequently ensure that the customers have the quality products as well as ensure that the companies’ competition is healthy. The companies should also focus on making their training programs more extensive to the airline industry to help in the improvement of services and efficiency. Conclusion The competition between Boeing and Airline Companies has enabled them to grow in technology, innovation, creativity, market, sales an d profits. This has been generally caused by their reaction towards each other in the competition in order to take the competitive advantage. The struggle to outdo each other has benefited the customers of the two companies involved in the airline sector due to production of high quality and efficient commercial and military airlines. In addition, the competition has led to the adoption of different flight strategies that have eased the passengers travel as well as giving them the choices of the kind of flights to make. In nutshell, the competition between the companies has led to a transformation in the airline and aerospace industry, which will have great impact in the future of the industry. References Aaker, D McLaughlin, D 2010, Strategic market management: Global perspectives, John Wiley Sons, United Kingdom. Christian, U 2011, How the macroeconomic environment of the airline industry affects the strategic decision of Boeing Vs airbus: A case study, Grin Verlag, Norderstedt. Grant, R 2005, Contemporary strategy analysis fifth Eds, Blackwell Publishing, Malden. Hill, T 2000, Manufacturing strategy: Text and cases, (Third edition), Irwin McGraw-Hill, Boston. Hitt, M, Hoskisson, R Ireland, D 2009, Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization cases (eighth edition), Cengage Learning, Mason. Koontz, H Weihrich, H 2010, Essentials of management: An international perspective, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Mahoney, J 2005, Economic foundations of strategy, Sage Publication, Inc, London. Yenne, B 2005, The story of the Boeing Company, Zenith Press, Michigan. This research paper on Aviation Strategy was written and submitted by user Kyler Blevins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.